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La gente sistemáticamente pasa por alto los cambios sustractivos

Gabrielle S Adams1, Benjamin A Converse2,3, Andrew H Hales4

  • 1Frank Batten School of Leadership and Public Policy, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA. gsa4a@virginia.edu.

Nature
|April 8, 2021
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

La gente a menudo pasa por alto la sustracción de elementos para mejorar las situaciones, por defecto en lugar de añadirlos. Este sesgo cognitivo dificulta la búsqueda de soluciones óptimas para problemas complejos como el exceso de trabajo y el daño ambiental.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Psicología cognitiva
  • La toma de decisiones
  • Resolución de problemas

Sus antecedentes:

  • Mejorar objetos, ideas o situaciones a menudo implica una búsqueda mental de posibles cambios.
  • La gente suele limitar su búsqueda para manejar la carga cognitiva, potencialmente perdiendo alternativas superiores.
  • La investigación existente sugiere una tendencia a centrarse en la adición de componentes en lugar de restarlos.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar si las personas consideran igualmente las transformaciones sustractivas y aditivas cuando buscan mejoras.
  • Determinar si las personas pasan por alto sistemáticamente los cambios sustractivos en los escenarios de resolución de problemas.
  • Identificar los factores que influyen en la búsqueda por defecto de soluciones aditivas versus sustractivas.

Principales métodos:

  • Se llevaron a cabo ocho experimentos que examinaron la consideración de los participantes de los cambios aditivos frente a los sustractivos.
  • Las señales de tareas manipuladas para considerar la sustracción, las oportunidades para reconocer las limitaciones de búsqueda aditiva y la carga cognitiva.
  • Se evaluó la probabilidad de identificar transformaciones sustractivas ventajosas en diferentes condiciones experimentales.

Principales resultados:

  • Los participantes sistemáticamente dejaron de buscar transformaciones aditivas, pasando por alto las sustractivas.
  • La probabilidad de identificar cambios sustractivos beneficiosos disminuyó cuando la sustracción no se indicó explícitamente.
  • Una mayor carga cognitiva y menos oportunidades para reconocer las deficiencias de la estrategia aditiva redujeron aún más la consideración de los cambios sustractivos.

Conclusiones:

  • La tendencia a favorecer las soluciones aditivas sobre las sustractivas es un defecto cognitivo.
  • Este sesgo puede conducir a resultados subóptimos en varios desafíos del mundo real, incluidos los problemas personales, institucionales y ambientales.
  • Comprender este sesgo es crucial para desarrollar estrategias que fomenten la búsqueda de soluciones más equilibradas.