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Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
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In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of T, B and Myeloid Cells Suppressive Activity and Humoral Responses from Transplant Recipients
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ROR para la tolerancia oral

Cecilia Johansson1

  • 1National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 17, 2025
PubMed
Resumen

Un subtipo específico de célula presentadora de antígenos ayuda a regular la reacción del sistema inmunológico a los antígenos de los alimentos durante el desarrollo temprano. Este hallazgo es crucial para comprender la tolerancia inmune en los bebés.

Área de la Ciencia:

  • Inmunología
  • Biología del desarrollo
  • Investigación de las alergias

Sus antecedentes:

  • La exposición temprana a los antígenos de los alimentos es crítica para desarrollar tolerancia inmune.
  • La desregulación de las respuestas inmunes a los alimentos puede conducir a alergias e intolerancias.
  • Las células presentadoras de antígenos (APC) juegan un papel clave en el inicio y la configuración de las respuestas inmunes.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Identificar subtipos específicos de células presentadoras de antígenos involucradas en las respuestas inmunes a los alimentos en los primeros años de vida.
  • Para aclarar los mecanismos por los que estos APC modulan el sistema inmunológico hacia la tolerancia.
  • Comprender las implicaciones para prevenir las alergias alimentarias.

Principales métodos:

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  • Se utilizaron citometría de flujo y secuenciación de ARN de una sola célula para caracterizar las poblaciones de APC en tejidos neonatales.
  • Se establecieron sistemas de cocultivo in vitro para evaluar la capacidad inmunomoduladora de los APC identificados.
  • Se utilizaron modelos murinos de exposición al antígeno alimentario para estudiar las respuestas inmunes in vivo.

Principales resultados:

  • Se identificó un subconjunto distinto de células dendríticas como un regulador clave de la tolerancia inmune oral.
  • Estos APC suprimieron activamente la proliferación de células T y promovieron el desarrollo de células T reguladoras.
  • El agotamiento de este subconjunto de APC dio lugar a un aumento de las respuestas inflamatorias a los antígenos alimentarios.

Conclusiones:

  • Los subtipos específicos de células presentadoras de antígenos son esenciales para establecer tolerancia inmune a los antígenos de los alimentos en la vida temprana.
  • Dirigirse a estos APC puede ofrecer una nueva estrategia terapéutica para prevenir y tratar las alergias alimentarias.
  • Esta investigación proporciona información fundamental sobre la programación del desarrollo del sistema inmunológico.