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Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
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Assessment of the Cardiovascular System III: Palpation01:27

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Palpation involves feeling the body to evaluate texture, size, consistency, and tenderness for assessing cardiovascular health. The following steps are organized in a head-to-toe order:
Jugular Venous Pressure (JVP) Measurement
Position the patient at a thirty- to forty-five-degree angle or in a semi-fowler's position. Look for the highest point of pulsation in the internal jugular vein and measure the vertical distance to the angle of Loius or sternal angle. A normal JVP is 3-4 cm above...
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Arteries of Lower Limbs01:20

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The external iliac artery transitions out of the body cavity, entering the femoral region of the lower leg, and is renamed the femoral artery at the point where it traverses the body wall. This artery is responsible for the distribution of blood to the thigh's deep muscles and the skin's ventral and lateral regions, achieved through several minor branches and the lateral deep femoral artery, which also spawns a lateral circumflex artery. The knee area receives blood from the genicular...
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Arteries of the Upper Limbs01:12

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The subclavian artery transitions into the axillary artery as it exits the chest and enters the axillary region. This artery is critical for supplying blood to the shoulder area, including the head of the humerus, through the humeral circumflex arteries. As the vessel continues into the upper arm or brachium, it becomes the brachial artery. This artery plays a key role in vascularizing the brachial region and bifurcates at the elbow into several branches. These branches include the deep...
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Peripheral Artery Disease IV: Nursing Management01:26

Peripheral Artery Disease IV: Nursing Management

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 The nursing management of a patient with peripheral artery disease (PAD) begins with a thorough assessment of the patient’s health history and clinical manifestations.AssessmentHealth History: Evaluate the patient’s history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, family history of cardiovascular issues, and lifestyle factors such as dietary patterns, smoking, and physical activity.Physical Examination:Assess the affected extremity for decreased or absent peripheral pulses,...
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Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction

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Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...
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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Sep 10, 2025

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Upper Limb Rehabilitation in Stroke Patients Through Advanced Robotic and Neuromodulation Technologies
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Diferencias en la función de las extremidades superiores e inferiores en personas con esclerosis múltiple con

Heather M DelMastro1, Laura B Simaitis2, Ashley Constantine2

  • 1Mandell Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Mount Sinai Rehabilitation Hospital, Trinity Health Of New England, 490 Blue Hills Ave., Hartford, CT, United States; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Frank H. Netter MD School of Medicine at Quinnipiac University, 370 Bassett Road, North Haven, CT, USA.

Multiple sclerosis and related disorders
|August 21, 2025
PubMed
Resumen

Las comorbilidades vasculares empeoran la función del paciente con esclerosis múltiple (EM), particularmente la marcha y la coordinación de las extremidades superiores. La diabetes afecta significativamente la velocidad y la movilidad de las personas con EM (EMP).

Palabras clave:
Su funciónEsclerosis múltipleExtremidad superiorComorbilidad vascularCaminar y el equilibrio

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Neurología
  • Medicina vascular
  • Ciencias de la rehabilitación

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las comorbilidades vasculares son más comunes en personas con esclerosis múltiple (EMP) que en la población general.
  • Existen investigaciones limitadas sobre el impacto de las afecciones vasculares en la función de las extremidades en PwMS.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para comparar la función de las extremidades superiores (UL) y inferiores (LL) en PwMS con y sin comorbilidades vasculares.
  • Identificar las comorbilidades específicas asociadas con la disfunción UL o LL.

Principales métodos:

  • Un análisis secundario de un estudio transversal.
  • Se ha evaluado la función LL (camino cronometrado de 25 pies, marcha cronometrada) y la función UL (prueba de dedo a nariz, prueba de percha de nueve agujeros, fuerza de agarre, prueba de caja y bloque).
  • Se utilizaron estadísticas bivariadas y regresiones lineales ajustadas para analizar los datos.

Principales resultados:

  • La EMP con comorbilidades vasculares exhibió un rendimiento funcional más pobre.
  • La comorbilidad vascular se correlacionó con un peor rendimiento en la velocidad al caminar (T25FW), la movilidad (TUG) y la coordinación UL (FNT) después del ajuste de la covariante.
  • La diabetes se relacionó significativamente con la reducción del rendimiento T25FW y TUG.

Conclusiones:

  • Las afecciones vasculares exacerban los déficits funcionales relacionados con la EM en la marcha, el equilibrio, la movilidad y la coordinación UL.
  • La diabetes es un factor importante en la reducción de la marcha y la movilidad.
  • Los hallazgos enfatizan el impacto combinado de la enfermedad vascular y la EM, informando planes de atención personalizados.