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Manifestaciones Clínicas

Elizabeth Riley1, Genevieve Wager1, Eve De Rosa1

  • 1Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
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Resumen

La estimulación transcutánea del nervio vago auricular (taVNS) afecta las respuestas pupilares de manera diferente en adultos jóvenes y mayores. Los adultos mayores mostraron una disminución significativa en la respuesta pupilar, lo que sugiere diferencias relacionadas con la edad en la función del locus coeruleus.

Palabras clave:
estimulación transcutánea del nervio vago auricularlocus coeruleuspupilometríaenvejecimientorespuesta pupilar

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Neurociencia
  • Gerontología
  • Dispositivos Médicos

Sus antecedentes:

  • El locus coeruleus (LC) es crucial para la función cognitiva y un sitio temprano de neurodegeneración en la enfermedad de Alzheimer.
  • La modulación de la actividad del LC a través de la estimulación transcutánea del nervio vago auricular (taVNS) puede afectar la liberación de norepinefrina y la progresión de la enfermedad.
  • La estructura y función del LC varían a lo largo de la vida, lo que requiere investigaciones específicas de la edad sobre los efectos de la taVNS.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar los efectos diferenciales de la taVNS en las respuestas pupilares en adultos jóvenes frente a adultos mayores.
  • Explorar las diferencias relacionadas con la edad en la función del locus coeruleus (LC) modulada por la taVNS.

Principales métodos:

  • 21 participantes (12 jóvenes, 9 mayores) se sometieron a taVNS simulada y verum durante una tarea oddball visual con pupilometría concurrente.
  • Se utilizaron parámetros de taVNS individualizados (25 Hz, ancho de pulso de 250 μs).
  • Se controló el reflejo pupilar mediante el uso de estímulos estándar más brillantes.

Principales resultados:

  • Se observó un efecto significativo del tratamiento con taVNS en las respuestas pupilares a estímulos oddball (p=0,009).
  • Se encontró una interacción significativa entre el grupo de edad y el tratamiento con taVNS (p=0,0007).
  • Los adultos más jóvenes mostraron un aumento no significativo de la respuesta pupilar con taVNS verum, mientras que los adultos mayores exhibieron una disminución significativa (30,5%, p=0,0002).

Conclusiones:

  • La taVNS ejerce efectos distintos en las respuestas pupilares en adultos jóvenes y mayores.
  • Estos hallazgos sugieren alteraciones dependientes de la edad en la función del locus coeruleus (LC).
  • Este estudio piloto destaca la necesidad de consideraciones específicas de la edad en las aplicaciones de taVNS para afecciones neurológicas.