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関連する概念動画

Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes00:46

Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes

48.8K
The genome of most prokaryotic organisms consists of double-stranded DNA organized into one circular chromosome in a region of cytoplasm called the nucleoid. The chromosome is tightly wound, or supercoiled, for efficient storage. Prokaryotes also contain other circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. These plasmids are smaller than the chromosome and often carry genes that confer adaptive functions, such as antibiotic resistance.
Genomic Diversity in Bacteria
Although bacterial genomes are much...
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Genomics02:02

Genomics

40.9K
Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Proteomics01:33

Proteomics

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A proteome is the entire set of proteins that a cell type produces. We can study proteomes using the knowledge of genomes because genes code for mRNAs, and the mRNAs encode proteins. Although mRNA analysis is a step in the right direction, not all mRNAs are translated into proteins.
Proteomics is the study of proteomes' function. It involves the large-scale systematic study of the proteome to denote the protein complement expressed by a genome. Scientist Mark Wilkins coined the term...
9.9K
Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

37.3K
Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
37.3K
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

9.2K
While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
9.2K
Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes02:16

Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes

17.1K
The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
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A Fast and Quantitative Method for Post-translational Modification and Variant Enabled Mapping of Peptides to Genomes
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ゲノミクスからプロテオミクスへ

Mike Tyers1, Matthias Mann

  • 1Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, and Department of Medical Genetics and Microbiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5G 1X5. tyers@mshri.on.ca

Nature
|March 14, 2003
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

タンパク質の研究であるプロテオミクスは著しく進歩し,相互作用と癌のプロフィールに関する大規模なデータセットを生成しました. しかし,技術的進歩とオープンなデータ共有は,生物学的研究におけるその潜在能力を十分に発揮するために不可欠です.

さらに関連する動画

Bottom-up and Shotgun Proteomics to Identify a Comprehensive Cochlear Proteome
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Bottom-up and Shotgun Proteomics to Identify a Comprehensive Cochlear Proteome

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Skeletal Muscle Gender Dimorphism from Proteomics
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Skeletal Muscle Gender Dimorphism from Proteomics

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A Fast and Quantitative Method for Post-translational Modification and Variant Enabled Mapping of Peptides to Genomes
09:10

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Bottom-up and Shotgun Proteomics to Identify a Comprehensive Cochlear Proteome
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Bottom-up and Shotgun Proteomics to Identify a Comprehensive Cochlear Proteome

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Skeletal Muscle Gender Dimorphism from Proteomics
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科学分野:

  • プロテオミクス プロテオミクスは,プロテオミクスの
  • 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
  • バイオケミストリー バイオケミストリー

背景:

  • プロテオミクスは,生物体によって発現されるタンパク質の完全なセットを調査します.
  • 近年,大規模なタンパク質学的データ生成の分野では,大幅な進歩が見られました.
  • 重要な分野には,タンパク質とタンパク質の相互作用,オルゲネルのプロテオーム,およびタンパク質活性プロファイリングが含まれます.

研究 の 目的:

  • プロテオミクスの現状と将来の方向性を検討する.
  • 総合的なタンパク質学的データセットの生成における進展を強調する.
  • この分野を前進させるための重要なニーズを特定する.

主な方法:

  • プロテオミクスにおける最近の技術発展の分析.
  • 大規模なプロテオミックプロジェクトとデータイニシアチブのレビュー.
  • データアクセシビリティとコラボレーションフレームワークの評価.

主要な成果:

  • タンパク質の相互作用,細胞の局所化,および疾患特有のタンパク質プロファイル (例えば,癌) のデータを生成する上で顕著な進歩.
  • 複雑な生物学的システムを理解する上でプロテオミクスの有用性を実証した.
  • 現在の技術能力とデータ共有の慣行における制限を特定した.

結論:

  • プロテオミクスは驚くべき進歩を遂げ,生物学的機能や病気に関する深い洞察を提供してきました.
  • 解像度とスループットを向上させるためには,さらなる技術革新が不可欠です.
  • プロテオミクスの潜在力を最大限発揮するためには,国際協力の強化とオープンアクセスデータ政策が不可欠です.