結合されたニューロン振動器の鎖のシナプス拡散による相結合
1Physiology Department, St. George's Hospital Medical School, University of London, United Kingdom.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 23, 1992
まとめ
結合された振動器として機能する神経システムは,移動する波を生成することができます. 振動器ユニット間の非対称なシナプス結合の単純なメカニズムは,周波数や結合強度に関係なく,相遅延を説明します.
科学分野:
- 神経科学は神経科学である.
- コンピュータ生物学 コンピュータ生物学
- バイオフィジックス 生物物理学
背景:
- 多くの神経系は,特定の相関係を示す結合した振動器として機能する.
- 魚の泳ぎのようなリズム活性化パターンは,体軸に沿って一貫した相遅延を示します.
- この相遅延は,波長が動物の体長に似た波長を持つ,身体曲線の移動する波を生み出します.
研究 の 目的:
- 同様の振動器の連鎖における相結合のための単純なメカニズムを提案する.
- 非対称なシナプス結合が移動波の生成にどのように影響するかを調査する.
- このメカニズムは,神経系で観察された周波数独立の相遅れを説明できるかどうかを判断する.
主な方法:
- ユニットオシレータが隣接セグメントの強度が低下したシナプスで接続されているモデルを仮定する.
- モデル内のロストラル方向とカウダル方向における非対称なカップリングを実装する.
- 結合強度と周波数との関係で発生した相遅延を分析する.
主要な成果:
- 振動器のチェーンにおける非対称なカップリングは,移動する波の活動を生成します.
- 断片間の相遅延は,幅広い範囲のカップリング強さとは無関係です.
- ランプレイの脊髄中央パターン発生器では,このカップリングにより,周波数独立の相遅延が生じます.
結論:
- 単純で繰り返される非対称なシナプス結合機構は,神経振動器配列における観測された相結合を説明できる.
- このモデルは,生物学的システムにおける周波数独立の相遅れの潜在的な説明を提供する.
- この発見は,神経パターンの生成と運動制御の基本原理についての洞察を提供します.
関連する概念動画
02:47The Synapse
Neurons communicate with one another by passing on their electrical signals to other neurons. A synapse is the location where two neurons meet to exchange signals. At the synapse, the neuron that sends the signal is called the presynaptic cell, while the neuron that receives the message is called the postsynaptic cell. Note that most neurons can be both presynaptic and postsynaptic, as they both transmit and receive information.
01:28Electrical Synapses
Electrical synapses found in all nervous systems play important and unique roles. In these synapses, the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes are very close together (3.5 nm) and are actually physically connected by channel proteins forming gap junctions.
Gap junctions allow the current to pass directly from one cell to the next. In contrast, in the chemical synapse, the neurotransmitters carry the information through the synaptic cleft from one neuron to the next. They consist of two...
Gap junctions allow the current to pass directly from one cell to the next. In contrast, in the chemical synapse, the neurotransmitters carry the information through the synaptic cleft from one neuron to the next. They consist of two...
01:23Propagation of Action Potentials
The propagation of an action potential refers to the process by which a nerve impulse, or "action potential," travels along a neuron.
Neurons (nerve cells) have a resting membrane potential, with a slightly negative charge inside compared to outside. This is maintained by ion channels, such as sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) channels, which control the flow of ions. When a stimulus, like a touch or a signal from another neuron, triggers the neuron, sodium channels open, allowing sodium ions to...
Neurons (nerve cells) have a resting membrane potential, with a slightly negative charge inside compared to outside. This is maintained by ion channels, such as sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) channels, which control the flow of ions. When a stimulus, like a touch or a signal from another neuron, triggers the neuron, sodium channels open, allowing sodium ions to...
01:28Integration of Synaptic Events
Synaptic integration mainly includes the summation of graded potentials. Graded potentials, regardless of their type, cause subtle alterations in membrane voltage, resulting in either depolarization or hyperpolarization. These incremental changes, when combined or summed, can propel the neuron toward its threshold. Consider, for example, a membrane experiencing a +15 mV shift, causing it to depolarize from -70 mV to -55 mV. In this scenario, graded potentials govern the membrane's ability to...
01:22Neurons as Communicators of the Brain
Neurons, the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, function as the primary transmitters of information throughout the body. Their ability to communicate through electrical and chemical signals is vital for every bodily function, from regulating the heartbeat to processing complex thoughts. Each neuron has three main components: the cell body (soma), dendrites, and an axon, each specialized to facilitate swift and efficient neural communication.
Cell Body
The cell body, also known...
Cell Body
The cell body, also known...
01:28Neuronal Communication
Neurons, the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, communicate through complex electrochemical signals that underpin all cognitive and bodily functions. This communication is primarily facilitated by a process involving the generation and propagation of an action potential along the axon of the neuron. When the internal electrical charge of a neuron surpasses a certain threshold, an action potential is triggered. This rapid change in voltage travels swiftly along the axon to the...