この子は脱水してるの?
Michael J Steiner1, Darren A DeWalt, Julie S Byerley
1Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, and Robert Wood Johnson Clinical Scholars Program, Chapel Hill 27599-7593, USA.
JAMA
|June 10, 2004
まとめ
子どもにおける脱水状態の正確な評価は,毛細血管の補充時間,皮膚の,呼吸パターンに依存します. これらの徴候は診断を改善しますが,他の検査は,正確な脱水評価に限られた有用性があります.
科学分野:
- 小児科は小児科です.
- 緊急医療 緊急医療
- 診断の精度 診断の精度
背景:
- 乳幼児の脱水症の迅速かつ正確な評価は,適切な治療と患者の処置を決定的に重要です.
- 脱水症の重度の臨床評価は,即時の医療介入を導く.
研究 の 目的:
- 小児患者の脱水状態を評価するために使用される様々な臨床的徴候,症状,および基本的な実験室検査の精度と正確性を体系的にレビューする.
- 子どもの脱水状態の評価のための個々のおよび組み合わせた発見の診断的有用性を決定する.
主な方法:
- MEDLINE (PubMed),コクレーン・ライブラリー,およびその他の情報源による包括的な文献検索により,1561件の潜在的な論文が特定されました.
- 1ヶ月から5歳までの子供の脱水に対する診断結果に関するオリジナルデータを含む26件の研究がレビューされました.
- 診断の正確性 (確率比) の厳格な基準を満たす13の研究が最終分析に含まれました.
主要な成果:
- 異常な毛細血管補充時間 (Likelihood Ratio [LR],4.1),皮膚 (LR,2.5),呼吸パターン (LR,2.0) は,5%の脱水に対する最も予測可能な個々の兆候です.
- 臨床検査の徴候の組み合わせは,個々の徴候と比較して脱水を予測する上で,著しく高い正確性を示しています.
- 過去の患者データと実験室検査は,脱水症の重度の評価に適度な価値しか提供しない.
結論:
- 小児の脱水に対する初期臨床評価では,他の徴候の組み合わせに加えて,毛細血管の補充時間,皮膚の,呼吸パターンを優先すべきである.
- 現在の診断方法の不正確さと不正確さは,臨床医が脱水症の程度を正確に定量化する能力を制限しています.
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