酸化炭化水素イオン表面活性剤は,CO2溶解性を示しています
Xin Fan1, Vijay K Potluri, M Chandler McLeod
1Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|August 18, 2005
まとめ
ビニルアセテート尾を持つ新しいイオン表面活性剤は,高CO2溶解性を示し,フッ素表面活性剤と競合しています. これらの表面活性物質は,CO2に極性環境を作り,メチルオレンジのような極性分子の溶解を可能にします.
科学分野:
- 超分子化学 超分子化学
- グリーン・ケミストリー (Green Chemistry)
背景:
- CO2に溶ける表面活性物質の開発は,持続可能な化学プロセスにとって極めて重要です.
- 酸化表面活性剤はCO2の溶解度が高いが,環境への懸念を招く.
研究 の 目的:
- CO2溶解性に関する新しい酸化炭化水素ベースのイオン表面活性物質を合成し,評価する.
- これらの表面活性物質がCO2で逆ミセルを形成する能力を調査する.
主な方法:
- アセチル糖,ポリプロピレングリコール,ビニルアセテート尾とイオン性表面活性物質の合成.
- 表面活性物質の二酸化炭素溶解性の測定,様々な圧力と温度で.
- 放射光学分析 (UV-Vis) で,CO2豊富な溶液内の微環境を調査する.
主要な成果:
- ビニルアセテートベースの表面活性剤は,フッ素の同類剤と比べて,著しいCO2溶解性を示した.
- オリゴメリックビニルアセテート尾を持つ硫酸ナトリウムは,CO2で7重量%の溶解性を示した.
- これらの表面活性物質は,CO2でメチルオレンジ色溶解とメタノールのような極性マイクロ環境によって示される逆ミセルの形成に成功しました.
結論:
- オリゴ ((ビニルアセテート) 表面活性剤は,CO2-フィリックなアプリケーションでは最適な水性-脂性バランスを保持しています.
- これらの非フッ素表面活性剤は,CO2ベースの溶媒システムとグリーン化学のイニシアチブにとって有望な代替品です.
関連する概念動画
01:24Redox Reactions
Oxidation-reduction or redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one molecule or atom to another. When an atom gains an electron, another atom must lose an electron, meaning oxidation and reduction must occur together. Since the redox occurs in pairs, the atom that gets oxidized is also called the reducing agent or reductant, and the atom that is reduced is also called the oxidizing agent or oxidant. A straightforward way to remember the definitions of oxidation and reduction is...
03:06Alkali Metals
Group 1 elements are soft and shiny metallic solids. They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. The melting points of the alkali metals are unusually low for metals and decrease going down the group, while the density increases going down the group with the exception of potassium (Table 1).
Table 1: Properties of the alkali metals
Table 1: Properties of the alkali metals
02:28Intermolecular Forces in Solutions
The formation of a solution is an example of a spontaneous process, a process that occurs under specified conditions without energy from some external source.
When the strengths of the intermolecular forces of attraction between solute and solvent species in a solution are no different than those present in the separated components, the solution is formed with no accompanying energy change. Such a solution is called an ideal solution. A mixture of ideal gases (or gases such as helium and argon,...
When the strengths of the intermolecular forces of attraction between solute and solvent species in a solution are no different than those present in the separated components, the solution is formed with no accompanying energy change. Such a solution is called an ideal solution. A mixture of ideal gases (or gases such as helium and argon,...
02:19Physical Properties Affecting Solubility
Solutions of Gases in Liquids
As for any solution, the solubility of a gas in a liquid is affected by the attractive intermolecular forces between solute and solvent species. Unlike solid and liquid solutes, however, there is no solute-solute intermolecular attraction to overcome when a gaseous solute dissolves in a liquid solvent since the atoms or molecules comprising a gas are far separated and experience negligible interactions. Consequently, solute-solvent interactions are the sole...
As for any solution, the solubility of a gas in a liquid is affected by the attractive intermolecular forces between solute and solvent species. Unlike solid and liquid solutes, however, there is no solute-solute intermolecular attraction to overcome when a gaseous solute dissolves in a liquid solvent since the atoms or molecules comprising a gas are far separated and experience negligible interactions. Consequently, solute-solvent interactions are the sole...
03:27Mixtures of Acids
The pH of a solution containing an acid can be determined using its acid dissociation constant and its initial concentration. If a solution contains two different acids, then its pH can be determined using one of several methods depending upon the relative strength of the acids and their dissociation constants.
A Mixture of a Strong Acid and a Weak Acid
In a mixture of a strong acid and a weak acid, the strong acid dissociates completely and becomes a source of almost all the hydronium ions...
A Mixture of a Strong Acid and a Weak Acid
In a mixture of a strong acid and a weak acid, the strong acid dissociates completely and becomes a source of almost all the hydronium ions...
01:31Gas Solubility
Gas solubility in liquids forms liquid-gas solutions, such as soft drinks, where carbon dioxide is dissolved in water, and the ocean, where the solubility of oxygen and carbon dioxide supports marine life. The ability of oceans to dissolve gases impacts weather conditions in the troposphere.However, gas-liquid interactions vary. For instance, hydrogen chloride gas is highly soluble in water, while oxygen's solubility is much lower. Because these solutions are non-ideal, Raoult’s law, which...