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温暖化と春の早い時期は,米国西部の森林の野火の活動を増加させる
A L Westerling1, H G Hidalgo, D R Cayan
1Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. awesterling@ucmerced.edu
まとめ
米国西部森林における野火の活動は,1980年代半ばから大幅に増加しました. この増加は,特に北のロッキー山脈では,気温上昇と早期の融雪を含む気候変動に関連しています.
科学分野:
- エコロジー エコロジー エコロジー
- 気候科学 気候科学
- 林業 林業 林業 林業 林業
背景:
- 米国西部の森林における野火の活動は,最近増加していると考えられています.
- 以前の議論では,19世紀と20世紀の土地利用の歴史が野火に与える影響を強調することが多かった.
- 最近の野火の変化と気候要因の体系的な文書化が欠けています.
研究 の 目的:
- 1970年以降の米国西部の野火活動の変化を体系的に記録する.
- 気候変動が地域的な野火のパターンにどの程度影響を与えているかを調査する.
- 気候と土地使用の歴史が最近の野火の傾向に及ぼす影響を比較する.
主な方法:
- 1970年以降のアメリカ西部の森林における大規模な野火に関する包括的なデータベースをまとめました.
- 森林火災データを水気気候データと陸地表面データと比較した.
- 野火の頻度,期間,季節性に関する傾向を分析した.
主要な成果:
- 大規模な野火の活動は,1980年代半ばに突然,顕著に増加した.
- 野火の頻度,期間,季節の長さの増加が観察されています.
- 北ロッキー山脈の中高地の森林の最大の増加は,より高い気温と早期の雪融解と強く関連しています.
結論:
- 気候変動,特に気温上昇と早めの雪融解は,米国西部森林における野火活動の増加の重要な要因である.
- 土地使用の歴史は,北ロッキー山脈のような特定の地域における現在の火災リスクに比較的小さな影響を及ぼします.
- この発見は,現代の野火の動態における気候の重要な役割を強調している.
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