まとめ
冷却塔は,一回通りのシステムよりも大きな環境リスクをもたらす. 実行可能で水生生物にとって安全である場合には,発電所の水管理のために1回通りの冷却または貯水池が望ましい.
科学分野:
- 環境科学 環境科学
- 水資源の管理 水資源の管理
- エコロジカルリスクアセスメント
背景:
- 1972年の連邦水汚染規制法改正は,発電所における閉循環冷却システムを奨励しています.
- これにより,従来の一回通りのシステムよりも冷却塔の考慮が増えてきました.
- 異なる冷却技術の環境への影響を理解することは極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- 冷却タワーの環境リスクと,一度通る冷却システムと冷却貯蔵庫の環境リスクの評価と比較を行う.
- 長期的な影響と悪影響の不可逆性を評価する.
- 発電所の冷却技術に関する政策と意思決定を伝える.
主な方法:
- 冷却システム設計の比較リスク評価.
- 規模,確実性,および可逆性を含む環境への影響の分析.
- 費用対効果と資源管理の原則を考慮する.
主要な成果:
- 冷却塔は,一般的に,より確実で,より大規模で,不可逆的な環境影響を及ぼします.
- 一回通りの冷却と冷却貯水池による悪影響は,資源管理を通じて管理することがよくあります.
- 冷却塔は通常,より高いコストと関連しています.
結論:
- 一回通りの冷却システムや冷却貯水池は,技術的に実現可能で,水生生態系が最小限のリスクにさらされている場合に好ましい.
- 環境的配慮と費用対効果は,冷却塔よりも,一度通りのシステムや貯水池を好む.
- 政策は,環境リスクが低い場合,一回通りの冷却の使用を支持すべきである.
関連する概念動画
Nuclear Power
Controlled nuclear fission reactions are used to generate electricity. Any nuclear reactor that produces power via the fission of uranium or plutonium by bombardment with neutrons has six components: nuclear fuel consisting of fissionable material, a nuclear moderator, a neutron source, control rods, reactor coolant, and a shield and containment system.
Nuclear Fuels
Nuclear fuel consists of a fissile isotope, such as uranium-235, which must be present in sufficient quantity to provide a...
Nuclear Fuels
Nuclear fuel consists of a fissile isotope, such as uranium-235, which must be present in sufficient quantity to provide a...
Control of Power Flow
There are several methods to control power flow in power systems:
Multiple Pipe Systems
Multipipe systems consist of complex configurations of interconnected pipes designed to transport fluids efficiently across intricate networks. They are essential in engineering applications requiring precise control over flow distribution, pressure, and head loss. They are categorized into series, parallel, loop, and network configurations, each distinguished by unique flow characteristics and applications.
Series Configuration
In a series configuration, fluid flows sequentially from one pipe...
Series Configuration
In a series configuration, fluid flows sequentially from one pipe...
Turbine-Governor Control
Turbine-governor control is crucial for maintaining power system stability by balancing turbine mechanical power output with electrical load demand. This mechanism ensures that generator frequency and rotor speed are within acceptable limits during load variations. Turbine-generator units store kinetic energy due to their rotating masses; this energy is released to meet the load requirement when the load increases. The electrical torque of turbines rises to meet the demand, whereas the...
Refrigerators and Heat Pumps
Refrigerators or heat pumps are heat engines operating in a reverse direction. For a refrigerator, the focus is on removing heat from a specific area, whereas, for a heat pump, the focus is on dumping heat into one particular area. A refrigerator (or heat pump) absorbs heat Qc from the cold reservoir at Kelvin temperature Tc and discards heat Qh to the hot reservoir at Kelvin temperature Th, while work W is done on the engine’s working substance.
A household refrigerator removes heat from the...
A household refrigerator removes heat from the...
Load-frequency control
Load-frequency control (LFC) is vital for maintaining power system stability, ensuring that frequency and power flows remain within acceptable limits during load changes. Turbine-governor control eliminates rotor accelerations and decelerations following load changes. However, a steady-state frequency error persists when the change in the turbine-governor reference setting is zero. In an interconnected power system, each area agrees to export or import a scheduled amount of power through...

