クープリングされた142Nd-143Nd同位体は,ハデアンマントルのダイナミクスの証拠である.
Vickie C Bennett1, Alan D Brandon, Allen P Nutman
1Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra ACT, 0200 Australia. vickie.bennett@anu.edu.au
まとめ
古代のグリーンランドの岩は,初期の地球を明らかにしています.
科学分野:
- 地化学とイソトープ地質学
- 初期の地球の歴史と惑星科学
背景:
- 地球の初期化学的分化を理解することは,惑星の形成を解読する上で極めて重要です.
- 同位体システムは,初期の地質学的プロセスを追跡するための強力なツールを提供します.
- ネオジム (Nd) の同位体系,特に142Ndと143Ndは,マントルの初期の進化についての洞察を提供します.
研究 の 目的:
- 初期の地球における化学的に異なったシリケート貯水池の形成を直接年代付けする.
- 初期のマントルの異質性の規模と持続性を調査する.
- これらの初期のマントル領域の後の進化とリミクスを追跡する.
主な方法:
- グリーンランド南西部の38億5千万年前の岩石の結合ネオジミウム-142 (142Nd) とネオジミウム-143 (143Nd) 過剰の分析.
- グリーンランドと西オーストラリアの同時代の古代岩の142Ndシグネチャの比較 (>36億年).
- 絶滅したサマリウム-146 (146Sm) と長生きしたサマリウム-147 (147Sm) の崩壊を利用して,初期のシリケート貯水池の形成を年代付けしました.
主要な成果:
- ネオジムイソトープデータは,地球の歴史の最初の3千万~7千万年の間に,化学的に異なるシリケート貯水池の形成を直接年代付けします.
- グリーンランドと西オーストラリアの岩石の間の142Ndシグネチャーの差異は,地球の歴史の非常に早い時期に存在した大規模なマントルの異質性を明らかにします.
- これらの異質性は少なくとも最初の10億年間持続し,時間的な142Ndの変動は,初期のマントル領域の不完全なリミックスを示している.
結論:
- 地球のマントルは,初期の段階から化学的に異質であり,異なるシリケート貯水池が急速に形成されました.
- 古代の岩石に保存された同位体シグネチャは,これらの初期の分化プロセスの直接的な記録を提供します.
- これらの初期の領域の不完全なリミックスが,マントルの後の地球化学的進化に影響を与えた.
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