関連する実験動画
Updated: May 2, 2026

10:00
Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor
Published on: November 12, 2013
13.1K
頻度の高い量子測定による熱力学的制御
Noam Erez1, Goren Gordon, Mathias Nest
1Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
Nature
|April 11, 2008
まとめ
量子測定は熱の流れを逆転させ,エントロピーを減少させ,古典的熱力学に逆らうことができる. 2階層のシステムでの頻繁な量子非破壊測定は,量子熱とエントロピーの新しい制御を提供します.
科学分野:
- 量子熱力学とは,量子熱力学である.
- 量子測定理論とは
背景:
- クラシック熱力学では,熱の流れが均衡状態に向かい,エントロピーを増加させることを説明しています.
- 量子システムは,特に測定下で,古典的な予測から逸脱するユニークな行動を示す.
研究 の 目的:
- 頻度の高い量子非破壊測定が,量子システムとバスの間の熱平衡に与える影響を調査する.
- 純粋に量子力学的な環境において,標準的な熱力学法則からの偏差を探求する.
主な方法:
- 熱浴と相互作用する2層システム (TLS) の行動を分析する.
- TLSのエネルギー状態の頻繁で簡潔な量子非破壊測定を導入する.
- 測定頻度に基づいてゼノとアンチゼノのシステムを検証する.
主要な成果:
- 熱流とエントロピーの変化における観測された異常は,古典的熱力学と矛盾しています.
- システムと浴室のエントロピー/温度が観測速度に基づいて減少または増加することを実証しました.
- TLS の緩和が加速する (anti-Zeno) または減速する (Zeno) 状態を特定した.
結論:
- 頻度の高い量子測定は熱平衡を乱し,マルコフ以外の熱力学効果につながる可能性があります.
- これらの量子異常は,量子システムにおける急速な冷却と状態浄化の可能性を秘めています.
- この発見は,マルコフ型でない量子体制における熱力学に関する従来の理解に異議を唱えるものである.
関連する概念動画
Thermodynamic Systems
6.4K
A thermodynamic system is a set of objects whose thermodynamic properties are of interest. The system is considered to be embedded in its surroundings or the environment. The system and its environment can exchange heat and do work on each other through a boundary that separates them. However, the immediate surroundings of the system interact with it directly and therefore have a much stronger influence on its behavior and properties.
Consider an example of tea boiling in a kettle. The...
Consider an example of tea boiling in a kettle. The...
6.4K
Path Between Thermodynamics States
3.8K
Consider the two thermodynamic processes involving an ideal gas that are represented by paths AC and ABC in Figure 1:
3.8K
Thermodynamic Potentials
1.7K
Thermodynamic potentials are state functions that are extremely useful in analyzing a thermodynamic system. They have dimensions of energy. The four important thermodynamic potentials are internal energy, enthalpy, Helmholtz free energy, and Gibbs free energy. These thermodynamic potentials can be expressed using two of the following variables: pressure, volume, temperature, and entropy. These two variables are expressed as the rate of change of the thermodynamic potential with respect to other...
1.7K
Thermodynamic Processes
126
A thermodynamic process is a path through a sequence of states that takes a system from an initial state to a final state. In a cyclic process, the system returns to its initial state, so the changes in state properties and state functions (ΔT, Δp, ΔV, ΔU, ΔH) over one complete cycle are zero. However, heat and work transfers can still occur during the cycle, and the net heat and net work over the cycle need not be zero.A reversible process occurs when the system is...
126
Thermodynamic Background
96
The law of mass action states that "the rate of a chemical reaction is directly proportional to the product of the molar concentrations of the reactants." It means that the more 'active mass' or 'concentration' of the reactants present, the faster the reaction will proceed.In a chemical reaction, there are forward and reverse reactions. The forward reaction is the process where the reactants combine to form products. The reverse reaction is the process where the products break down to form the...
96
Bioreactor Controls-I
94
Maintaining optimal conditions within fermenters is essential for maximizing microbial productivity and ensuring process efficiency. This lesson focuses on key parameters—temperature, foam, pH, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and pressure—and their precise measurement and control strategies in fermentation systems.Temperature ControlTemperature regulation is critical due to the exothermic nature of many fermentation processes. In small laboratory fermenters, temperature is commonly...
94

