国境のない酵素:基板を動員し,製品を供給する
Federico Forneris1, Andrea Mattevi
1Department of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 16, 2008
まとめ
酵素は,ヒドロホビック膜分子とヒドロフィール化合物の両方を結合するためのユニークな戦略を使用して,細胞反応の課題を克服します. この研究は,これらの酵素結合機構と膜生物学への影響を調査します.
科学分野:
- バイオケミストリー バイオケミストリー
- 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
- 酵素学 酵素学とは
背景:
- 細胞の反応には,溶解度が異なる分子がしばしば含まれます (水嫌性および水性).
- これらの分子は,脂質に富んだ膜と水性サイトプラズマ/有機体など,異なる細胞区画に存在します.
- 酵素は,これらの化学的に異なった環境の間の反応を容易にしなければなりません.
研究 の 目的:
- 酵素が使用する多様な結合戦略と化学的メカニズムを探求する.
- 酵素が,ヒドロホビック基板とヒドロフィール化合物を反応させるという課題を克服する方法を理解する.
- 細胞膜と水性細胞区間の橋渡しにおける酵素の役割を調査する.
主な方法:
- 酵素結合戦略に関する既存の文献のレビュー.
- タンパク質構造と基板へのアクセスに関与するメカニズムの分析.
- タンパク質化学と膜生物学からの概念の統合.
主要な成果:
- 酵素は,統合膜タンパク質と溶解性酵素を含む異なる戦略を使用します.
- 統合膜タンパク質は,水性分子を活性部位にチャネル化する.
- 溶解性酵素は,リンパ脂二重層からリンパ性基板を捕獲する.
結論:
- 水性および水性愛性環境における酵素触媒は,細胞機能にとって極めて重要です.
- タンパク質化学と膜生物学を統合したさらなる研究が必要である.
- これらの酵素的適応を理解することで,細胞の区画化と反応効率の洞察が得られます.
関連する概念動画
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The use of enzymes by humans dates to 7000 BCE. Humans first used enzymes to ferment sugars and produce alcohol without knowing that this was an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. Wilhelm Kuhne coined the term 'enzyme' in 1877 from the Greek words ‘en’ meaning ‘in’ or ‘within’ and ‘zyme’ meaning ‘yeast.’
Most enzymes are proteins that speed up biochemical reactions without being consumed. Enzymes contain one or more active sites that bind the substrates and convert them into products. Many enzymes also...
Most enzymes are proteins that speed up biochemical reactions without being consumed. Enzymes contain one or more active sites that bind the substrates and convert them into products. Many enzymes also...
01:22Introduction To Enzymes
The use of enzymes by humans dates to 7000 BCE. Humans first used enzymes to ferment sugars and produce alcohol without knowing that this was an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. Wilhelm Kuhne coined the term 'enzyme' in 1877 from the Greek words ‘en’ meaning ‘in’ or ‘within’ and ‘zyme’ meaning ‘yeast.’
Most enzymes are proteins that speed up biochemical reactions without being consumed. Enzymes contain one or more active sites that bind the substrates and convert them into products. Many enzymes also...
Most enzymes are proteins that speed up biochemical reactions without being consumed. Enzymes contain one or more active sites that bind the substrates and convert them into products. Many enzymes also...
02:34Enzymes
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Enzyme deficiencies can often translate into life-threatening diseases. For example, a genetic abnormality resulting in the deficiency of the enzyme G6PD...
Enzyme deficiencies can often translate into life-threatening diseases. For example, a genetic abnormality resulting in the deficiency of the enzyme G6PD...
01:13Enzymes and Activation Energy
The activation energy (or free energy of activation), abbreviated as Ea, is the small amount of energy input necessary for all chemical reactions to occur. During chemical reactions, certain chemical bonds break, and new ones form. For example, when a glucose molecule breaks down, bonds between the molecule's carbon atoms break. Since these are energy-storing bonds, they release energy when broken. However, the molecule must be somewhat contorted to get into a state that allows the bonds to...
01:13Enzymes and Activation Energy
The activation energy (or free energy of activation), abbreviated as Ea, is the small amount of energy input necessary for all chemical reactions to occur. During chemical reactions, certain chemical bonds break, and new ones form. For example, when a glucose molecule breaks down, bonds between the molecule's carbon atoms break. Since these are energy-storing bonds, they release energy when broken. However, the molecule must be somewhat contorted to get into a state that allows the bonds to...
01:19Membrane Asymmetry Regulating Transporters
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Flippase
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Flippase
Eukaryotic flippases are type-IV P-type ATPases or P4-ATPases belonging to P-type ATPase family proteins that are membrane-bound pumps involved in the ATP-mediated transport of ions and molecules across the membrane. Flippases flip specific phospholipids from the outer to the inner leaflet of a membrane. All P4-ATPases have one...