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Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
RNA Stability01:53

RNA Stability

Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
RNA Stability01:53

RNA Stability

Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
tRNA Activation02:26

tRNA Activation

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are present in both eukaryotes and bacteria. Though eukaryotes have 20 different aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases to couple to 20 amino acids, many bacteria do not have genes for all of these aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Despite this, they still use all 20 amino acids to synthesize their proteins. For instance, some bacteria do not have the gene encoding the enzyme that couples glutamine with its partner tRNA. In these organisms, one enzyme adds glutamic acid to all of the...
tRNA Activation02:26

tRNA Activation

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are present in both eukaryotes and bacteria. Though eukaryotes have 20 different aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases to couple to 20 amino acids, many bacteria do not have genes for all of these aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Despite this, they still use all 20 amino acids to synthesize their proteins. For instance, some bacteria do not have the gene encoding the enzyme that couples glutamine with its partner tRNA. In these organisms, one enzyme adds glutamic acid to all of the...

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Analysis of RNA Processing Reactions Using Cell Free Systems: 3' End Cleavage of Pre-mRNA Substrates in vitro
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Analysis of RNA Processing Reactions Using Cell Free Systems: 3' End Cleavage of Pre-mRNA Substrates in vitro

Published on: May 3, 2014

tRNAの割れ目にストレスをかけている.

Debrah M Thompson1, Roy Parker

  • 1Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.

Cell
|July 28, 2009
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

細胞のストレスは,通常隠されたリボヌクレアスを活性化し,トランスファーRNA (tRNA) を分裂させます. この保存されたストレス反応は,翻訳,細胞死,および疾患の進行に影響を与えます.

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Practical Aspects of Sample Preparation and Setup of 1H R1ρ Relaxation Dispersion Experiments of RNA
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Nanomanipulation of Single RNA Molecules by Optical Tweezers
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Nanomanipulation of Single RNA Molecules by Optical Tweezers

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Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Analysis of RNA Processing Reactions Using Cell Free Systems: 3' End Cleavage of Pre-mRNA Substrates in vitro
09:16

Analysis of RNA Processing Reactions Using Cell Free Systems: 3' End Cleavage of Pre-mRNA Substrates in vitro

Published on: May 3, 2014

Practical Aspects of Sample Preparation and Setup of 1H R1ρ Relaxation Dispersion Experiments of RNA
08:17

Practical Aspects of Sample Preparation and Setup of 1H R1ρ Relaxation Dispersion Experiments of RNA

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Nanomanipulation of Single RNA Molecules by Optical Tweezers
06:59

Nanomanipulation of Single RNA Molecules by Optical Tweezers

Published on: August 20, 2014

科学分野:

  • 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
  • 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
  • バイオケミストリー バイオケミストリー

背景:

  • 細胞のストレスは,細胞機能に影響を与える保存された反応を誘発します.
  • 転送RNA (tRNA) は,タンパク質合成に不可欠である.
  • 特定のリボヌクレアゼは,tRNAの処理と調節に関与しています.

研究 の 目的:

  • 細胞のストレス反応におけるリボヌクレアスの役割を調査する.
  • ストレス中に細胞プラズマのtRNAのエンド核分裂のメカニズムを理解する.
  • このプロセスの翻訳,アポトーシス,および疾患における影響を調査する.

主な方法:

  • 保存されたストレス反応経路の分析.
  • リボヌクレアース活性を検出するための生化学的測定法.
  • 様々なストレス状態におけるtRNA分裂に関する研究.
  • 特定のリボヌクレアゼの局所化と活性化を研究する.

主要な成果:

  • 保存されたストレス反応は,細胞質のtRNAsの内核分解的な割れ目を伴う.
  • この分裂は,通常分泌または隔離されるリボヌクレアゼによって媒介されます.
  • これらのリボヌクレアゼの活性化または放出は,ストレス反応の重要な出来事です.

結論:

  • リボヌクレアース媒介のtRNA分裂は,重要な細胞のストレス反応である.
  • このメカニズムは,翻訳規制の理解に潜在的な影響を及ぼします.
  • この発見は,アポトーシス,癌,および疾患の進行における役割を示唆しています.