科学教育におけるテキストの使用: 認知プロセスと知識表現の表現
1Department of Education and Child Studies, University of Leiden, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, Netherlands. broekpwvanden@fsw.leidenuniv.nl
まとめ
テキストから科学を学ぶことは,新しい情報を既存の知識と統合する精神的な表現を構築することを意味します. ランドスケープモデルは,読者とテキストの要因が効果的な科学学習のためのこの理解プロセスにどのように影響するか説明します.
科学分野:
- 認知心理学とは,認知心理学である.
- 科学 教育 教育 科学教育
背景:
- テキストは科学教育において極めて重要です.
- 読者の理解は,テキストと以前の知識を統合した一貫した精神的表現の構築に依存しています.
- 効果的な学習は,この表現が知識を拡張したり,誤解を正したりするときに起こります.
研究 の 目的:
- テキストから科学を学ぶのに伴う認知プロセスを説明する.
- 読書中の精神表現の構築に影響を与える要因を特定する.
- テキスト素材から科学学習を最適化するためのモデルを提案する.
主な方法:
- この研究は,読解理解のランドスケープモデルを紹介しています.
- このモデルは,読者の特徴 (作業記憶容量,読書の目標,事前の知識,推論的スキル) を考慮します.
- また,テキストの特徴 (コンテンツ,構造,処理要求,テキストのヒント) も考慮します.
主要な成果:
- ランドスケープモデルは,読者が科学的テキストをどのように処理するかを理解するための枠組みを提供します.
- 読み手とテキストの特徴の相互作用が理解の成功を決定することを強調しています.
- このモデルは,テキストからの科学学習を向上させたり阻害したりする特定の要因を特定しています.
結論:
- テキストからの効果的な科学学習は,読者の正確な精神的表現を構築する能力に依存します.
- 読者とテキストの特徴は,このプロセスの成功に大きな影響を与えます.
- ランドスケープモデルは,科学テキストの理解のための指導戦略の最適化に関する洞察を提供します.
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