読書学習が視覚と言語のための皮質ネットワークをどのように変化させるか
Stanislas Dehaene1, Felipe Pegado, Lucia W Braga
1INSERM, Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, Gif sur Yvette 91191, France. stanislas.dehaene@gmail.com
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|November 13, 2010
まとめ
読み書きを学ぶことは,特に視覚処理領域の脳の機能を向上させます. 成人の識字能力の獲得でさえ,皮質の組織と認知能力を著しく改善します.
科学分野:
- 神経科学は神経科学である.
- コグニティブ・サイエンス コグニティブ・サイエンス
- 教育心理学の教育心理学について
背景:
- 読み書きが脳の機能に与える影響は,重要な研究分野である.
- 読書の習得が神経経路をどのように形づくるかを理解することは,教育的介入にとって極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- 機能的磁気共鳴画像 (fMRI) を使用して,読書能力が脳機能に与える影響を調査する.
- 幼児期または成人期における識字能力の習得が,様々な刺激に対する神経応答を変化させるかどうかを判断する.
主な方法:
- fMRIスキャンは,さまざまな識字率 (文盲,成人識字,幼児識字) を有する成人を対象に実施されました.
- 脳の反応は,口頭および書面の言語,顔,家,道具,チェッカーのために測定されました.
主要な成果:
- 読み書き能力は,文字言語の左状の活性化を強化し,顔認識の競争は少なかった.
- V1を含む,状皮質と頭皮質の視覚応答の広範な強化が観察されました.
- 音声学的なアクティベーションは,時空平面でのスピーチに,上から下への正規表現のアクティベーションは,識字率とともに改善された.
- これらの神経の変化は,成人期に読み書きを習得した個人でも明らかでした.
結論:
- 識字は,皮質の組織を大幅に洗練し,脳の機能を向上させます.
- 幼児期と成人期における識字能力の獲得は,神経の可塑性や認知能力に深い影響を与えます.
- 脳は驚くべき適応能力を発揮し,読書のような新しいスキルを生涯にわたって統合します.
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