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関連する概念動画

Net Change Theorem01:22

Net Change Theorem

69
The Net Change Theorem is a fundamental principle in calculus that establishes a direct relationship between a function’s rate of change and its accumulated change over an interval. Mathematically, it states that the definite integral of a function's derivative over a given interval [a,b] yields the net change in the original function:This theorem has significant applications in various real-world scenarios, including physics, economics, and engineering. A particularly useful application...
69
What is Climate?01:16

What is Climate?

20.6K
Climate refers to the prevailing weather conditions in a specific area over an extended period. As the saying goes, “Climate is what you expect. Weather is what you get.” Climate is influenced by geographic factors, such as latitude, terrain, and proximity to bodies of water.
20.6K
Global Climate Change01:50

Global Climate Change

28.8K
Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
28.8K
What are Estimates?01:06

What are Estimates?

8.2K
It isn't easy to measure a parameter such as the mean height or the mean weight of a population. So, we draw samples from the population and calculate the mean height or mean weight of the individuals in the sample. This sample data acts as a representative measure of the population parameter. These sample statistics are known as estimates. 
The estimate for the mean of a sample is denoted by ͞x, whereas the mean of the population is designated as μ. Further, parameters such...
8.2K
Work Done During Volume Change01:17

Work Done During Volume Change

5.1K
In mechanics, work is done on an object when the force acting on it displaces the object. In thermodynamics, work done on a system can be estimated when the system's volume changes during any thermodynamic process.
Consider a gas confined to a cylinder fitted with a movable piston at one end. If the gas expands from volume V1 to volume V2, it exerts a force on the piston, such that the piston moves by a distance dr.
The work done by the gas on the piston can be expressed as
5.1K
Standard Entropy Change for a Reaction03:00

Standard Entropy Change for a Reaction

24.1K
Entropy is a state function, so the standard entropy change for a chemical reaction (ΔS°rxn) can be calculated from the difference in standard entropy between the products and the reactants.
24.1K

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Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions
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Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions

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気候変動の緩和のための概率的なコストの見積もり

Joeri Rogelj1, David L McCollum, Andy Reisinger

  • 1Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 16, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland. joeri.rogelj@env.ethz.ch

Nature
|January 4, 2013
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

気候変動対策の遅延は,緩和コストを大幅に増加させる. 政治的決定,地質物理的要因,エネルギー需要,技術はすべて,地球温暖化を2°Cに制限するコストに影響を与えます.

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BtM, a Low-cost Open-source Datalogger to Estimate the Water Content of Nonvascular Cryptogams
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Construction of a Compact Low-Cost Radiation Shield for Air-Temperature Sensors in Ecological Field Studies
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Construction of a Compact Low-Cost Radiation Shield for Air-Temperature Sensors in Ecological Field Studies

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BtM, a Low-cost Open-source Datalogger to Estimate the Water Content of Nonvascular Cryptogams
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BtM, a Low-cost Open-source Datalogger to Estimate the Water Content of Nonvascular Cryptogams

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科学分野:

  • 気候科学 気候科学
  • 統合評価モデリング
  • 環境経済学 環境経済学

背景:

  • 地球温暖化を2°Cに制限するという国際的な目標は,定量化が不十分な不確実性や学際的な知識統合が限られているため,課題に直面しています.
  • 既存の研究は,温室効果ガスの排出に対する地球物理学的反応とは別に,技術的および社会経済的不確実性を評価することが多い.

研究 の 目的:

  • 統合評価と気候モデリングコミュニティの間のギャップを埋めるために.
  • 地質物理的,技術的,社会的,政治的不確実性を統合することによって,一時的な地球温度の上昇を制限するためのコスト分布を生成する.

主な方法:

  • 地質物理,技術,社会,政治の4つの重要な要因からの不確実性を組み込むモデルを開発しました.
  • 地球温度の上昇を制限するために発生したコストの分布は,特定の値 (例えば,1.5°C,2°C,3°C) に達する.

主要な成果:

  • 緩和努力を遅らせる政治的選択は,コストリスク分布に最も実質的な影響を及ぼします.
  • 地質学的不確実性,エネルギー需要に影響を与える社会的要因,技術的な不確実性は,緩和コストへの影響として続く.

結論:

  • 政策立案には,緩和コスト,エネルギー需要,およびグローバルな行動のタイミングの相対的な重要性を理解する必要があります.
  • さまざまな不確実性を統合することは,気候変動の緩和目標に関連するコストとリスクを正確に評価するために不可欠です.