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Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia01:30

Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia

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Negative symptoms of schizophrenia indicate a reduction or absence of typical behaviors and emotional responses found in healthy individuals, while positive symptoms reflect an excess or distortion of normal functioning.
Negative Symptoms
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia manifest as deficits in normal emotional and behavioral functioning, profoundly impacting daily life. Individuals with schizophrenia often display a flat affect, characterized by a near-total absence of emotional expression,...
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Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Causes of Social Behavior II: Cognitive Processes01:15

Causes of Social Behavior II: Cognitive Processes

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Cognitive processes affect social behavior by guiding how individuals perceive, interpret, and respond to social stimuli. These mental processes enable individuals to assess others' behaviors, attribute causes to their actions, and form expectations based on past experiences.Causes of Behavior and Social JudgmentsIndividuals determine the causes of others' behaviors by distinguishing between personal traits and external circumstances. For example, if a friend frequently arrives late, an...
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Environmental Influences on Intelligence01:29

Environmental Influences on Intelligence

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Despite the strong genetic influence on traits like intelligence, environmental factors significantly shape outcomes. For example, while over 90% of height variation is due to genetic differences, environmental factors such as nutrition also have a notable impact. Similarly, for intelligence, changes in a child's surroundings can significantly alter their IQ. Research shows that enriched environments boost children's academic success and help them develop key cognitive skills. Children...
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Cognitive Dissonance01:38

Cognitive Dissonance

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Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
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Cognitivism01:17

Cognitivism

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Cognitive psychology emerged as a significant field in the mid-20th century. It focused on understanding humans' internal mental processes. This approach emphasizes how people perceive, remember, think, and solve problems—elements critical to human cognition.
Previously dominated by behaviorism, which prioritized observable behaviors and largely ignored mental processes, psychology transformed in the 1950s. Cognitive psychologists argue that understanding how we think and process...
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関連する実験動画

Updated: May 5, 2026

Highlighting and Reducing the Impact of Negative Aging Stereotypes During Older Adults' Cognitive Testing
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Highlighting and Reducing the Impact of Negative Aging Stereotypes During Older Adults' Cognitive Testing

Published on: January 24, 2020

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コメント on "貧困は認知機能を阻害する"

Jelte M Wicherts1, Annemarie Zand Scholten

  • 1Jelte Wicherts, Department of Methodology and Statistics, Tilburg University, P.O. Box 90153, 5000 LE, Tilburg, Netherlands.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|December 7, 2013
PubMed
まとめ

貧困の心配は,貧しい人だけでなく,すべての所得層の認知機能に影響を与える可能性があります. 再分析は,以前の発見は,収入そのものよりもテストの制限によるものかもしれないことを示唆しています.

科学分野:

  • 認知心理学とは,認知心理学である.
  • 社会経済学研究 社会経済学研究
  • 行動経済学は,行動経済学である.

背景:

  • 以前の研究では,貧困に関連する心配が認知機能を損なうことを示唆していました.
  • マニ et al. マニと仲間たち. この仮説を裏付ける実験実験を提示した.

研究 の 目的:

  • Mani et al.の発見を再分析する. 貧困の心配と認知機能に関するものです.
  • 分類化なしに,収入と財政的な心配が認知機能に及ぼす影響を調査する.

主な方法:

  • 収入レベルを二分化することなく,既存の実験データの再分析.
  • 収入と実験操作の間の潜在的な偽の相互作用の検討.
  • 認知テストにおける上限効果の評価.

主要な成果:

  • 再分析は,元の発見を裏付けることができませんでした.
  • 偽の相互作用が特定され,それは短い簡単なテストによる上限効果による可能性が高い.
  • 財政的な心配の認知的影響は,貧困層を超えて広がる可能性があります.

結論:

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  • 貧困の心配が貧困層の認知機能を阻害するとの元の結論は,この再分析によって支持されていません.
  • 財政的な心配は,異なる社会経済的層の認知機能により広範な影響を及ぼす可能性があります.
  • テストデザインなどの方法論的考察は,社会経済的要因と認知を調査する研究において極めて重要です.