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関連する概念動画

Cell-surface Signaling01:21

Cell-surface Signaling

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Hormones—or any molecule that binds to a receptor, known as a ligand—that are lipid-insoluble (water-soluble) are not able to diffuse across the cell membrane. In order to be able to affect a cell without entering it, these hormones bind to receptors on the cell membrane. When a first messenger, a hormone, binds to a receptor, a signal cascade is set off, causing second messengers, proteins inside the cell, to become activated, resulting in downstream effects.
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Overview of Cell Signaling01:23

Overview of Cell Signaling

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Despite the protective membrane that separates a cell from the environment, cells need the ability to detect and respond to environmental changes. Additionally, cells often need to communicate with one another. Unicellular and multicellular organisms use a variety of cell signaling mechanisms to communicate with the environment.
Cells respond to many types of information, often through receptor proteins positioned on the membrane. For example, skin cells respond to and transmit touch...
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Protein Glycosylation01:25

Protein Glycosylation

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Glycosylation, the most common post-translational modification for proteins, serves diverse functions. Adding sugars to proteins makes the proteins more resistant to proteolytic digestion. Glycosylated proteins can act as markers and receptors to promote cell-cell adhesion. Additionally, they have many essential quality control functions in the cell, such as correct protein folding and facilitating transport of misfolded proteins to the cytosol, which can be degraded.
Glycosylation occurs in...
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What is Cell Signaling?02:03

What is Cell Signaling?

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Despite the protective membrane that separates a cell from the environment, cells need the ability to detect and respond to environmental changes. Additionally, cells often need to communicate with one another. Unicellular and multicellular organisms use a variety of cell signaling mechanisms to communicate to respond to the environment.
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Types of Signaling Molecules01:32

Types of Signaling Molecules

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In multicellular organisms, many molecules transmit signals between cells to pass information. These signals vary in complexity and include small peptides, nucleotides, steroids, fatty acid derivatives, and dissolved gases such as nitric oxide. Some signaling molecules diffuse through the plasma membrane to act locally between neighboring cells or travel long distances. Others remain attached to the cell surface, transmitting information to other cells only when they make contact. In some...
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Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade01:22

Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade

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When a ligand binds to a cell-surface receptor, the receptor's intracellular domain changes shape, which may either activate its enzyme function or allow its binding to other molecules. The initial signal is amplified by most signal transduction pathways. This means that a single ligand molecule can activate multiple molecules of a downstream target. Proteins that relay a signal are most commonly phosphorylated at one or more sites, activating or inactivating the protein. Kinases catalyze...
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Metabolic Glycoengineering of Sialic Acid Using N-acyl-modified Mannosamines
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細胞表面のグリカン工学によるニューロン信号の誘導

Abigail Pulsipher1, Matthew E Griffin, Shannon E Stone

  • 1Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute , 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|April 22, 2014
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

研究者は,リポソームを使用してコンドロイチン硫酸塩 (CS) のような特定のグリカンで細胞表面を設計する方法を開発しました. このグリカン工学は,神経信号伝達と軸索の成長を強化し,細胞機能を制御する可能性を示しました.

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Identifying Cell Surface Markers of Primary Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells by Metabolic Labeling of Sialoglycan
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科学分野:

  • 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
  • グライコバイオロジーは,
  • 神経科学は神経科学である.

背景:

  • プラズマ膜のグリカンは,細胞の発達と機能において重要な役割を果たし,信号伝達イベントを調節する.
  • 細胞表面のグリカン組成を制御することは,細胞のプロセスを理解し,操作するための重要な目標です.

研究 の 目的:

  • 細胞表面を特定の硫化グリコサミノグリカン,特にコンドロイチン硫酸塩 (CS) で改変する方法を開発する.
  • エンジニアリングされたCS発現がニューロンのシグナル伝達と成長に与える影響を調査する.

主な方法:

  • 化学的に改変されたリポソームを使用して,特定の硫化コンドロイチン硫酸 (CS) グリコサミノグリカンを細胞表面に放出し,表示します.
  • CS-Eを濃縮したポリサッカリドをプラズマ膜に発現させるためのニューロンを設計した.

主要な成果:

  • CS-E濃縮ポリサッカリドを表示するように設計されたニューロンは,神経トロフィン媒介のシグナル伝達経路の活性化が著しく増加したことを示しました.
  • 特定のCS改変で設計されたニューロンでは,アクソンの増殖が観察されました.
  • リポソームベースの方法は,細胞表面グリカン工学のための簡単で一般的なアプローチであることが証明されました.

結論:

  • 化学的に改変されたリポソームを用いた細胞表面グリカン工学は,生物学的活性グリカンを導入する実行可能な戦略です.
  • CSなどの特定のグリカンでプラズマ膜を調整することで,シグナル伝達や軸索成長などの重要な細胞イベントを効果的に制御できます.
  • このアプローチは,再生医療と神経科学の研究における将来のアプリケーションに希望を秘めています.