脳の空間と時間
György Buzsáki1, Rodolfo Llinás2
1Neuroscience Institute, Departments of Physiology, Neurology, and Psychiatry, and Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA. gyorgy.buzsaki@nyumc.org.
まとめ
神経科学の研究では 脳の活動が 空間や時間を直接表現しないことが示されています 代わりにニューロンの活動は一連の出来事であり 推論的な説明のための脳のメカニズムを理解する方向に 変化を促します
科学分野:
- 神経科学
- 認知科学
- 心の哲学
背景:
- 空間と時間の直感的な概念は 人間の経験にとって根本的ですが 神経科学では大きな課題となっています
- 現在の神経科学のアプローチでは 空間と時間は ニューロンの活動のための 独立した座標として扱われます 特にナビゲーションと記憶の研究においてです
- 位置,距離,持続時間などの空間時間的なパラメータに関連してニューロンの活動を調査することは一般的です.
研究 の 目的:
- 空間と時間のニューロンの表現に対する 従来の見解に異議を唱えるのです
- 空間と時間の先入観を超えた 脳の機能を理解するための 代替的枠組みを提案する
- 脳のメカニズムが 推論的な説明を 作り出す方法を探るのです
主な方法:
- 既存の神経科学のパラダイムの概念的分析
- ニューロンの活動と空間と時間の外部測定の間の直接的な相関を批判する.
- イベントベースのニューロン活動の記述の提案.
主要な成果:
- 脳の活動における 時空の配列は 時空のニューロン表現と等しくありません
- 物理的な機器も 生物学的脳も 本質的に空間や時間を "感じ"ません
- ニューロンの活動は 空間や時間に関係なく 連続した出来事として 適切に説明できます
結論:
- 空間と時間の直接的な神経表現の探求は 誤った方向に導かれるかもしれません
- より有益なアプローチは 推論的なモデルに基づいた説明を生み出すための脳のメカニズムを調査することです
- このパラダイムシフトは ナビゲーションや記憶といった 認知プロセスの理解を深めるでしょう
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