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The Carbon Cycle01:14

The Carbon Cycle

43.1K
Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among living organisms, and one in which carbon is cycled over long periods of time through fossilized organic remains, weathering of rocks, and volcanic activity. Human activities, including increased agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels, has greatly affected the balance of the natural carbon cycle.
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Carbon Skeletons01:12

Carbon Skeletons

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Life on Earth is carbon-based, as all macromolecules that make up living organisms contain carbon atoms. All organic compounds have a carbon backbone. Each carbon atom is tetravalent and can bond with four other atoms, making it an extraordinarily flexible component of biological molecules. Because carbon’s valence electrons are stable, it rarely becomes an ion. As the carbon chain increases in length, structural modifications such as ring structures, double bonds, and branching side...
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Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

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Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
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Sulfur Assimilation01:20

Sulfur Assimilation

281
Sulfur is an essential element in biological systems, contributing to synthesizing key biomolecules, including amino acids such as cysteine and methionine, and cofactors such as coenzyme A and biotin. Microorganisms primarily assimilate sulfur as sulfate (SO₄²⁻) from the environment, which must undergo a series of biochemical transformations before it can be incorporated into cellular components. As sulfate is highly oxidized, it must undergo assimilatory sulfate reduction to...
281
Carbon-dioxide Fixation01:28

Carbon-dioxide Fixation

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Carbon dioxide fixation in prokaryotes enables the assimilation of inorganic carbon into organic molecules, supporting biosynthetic pathways, sustaining ecosystems, and contributing to the global carbon cycle. It also has industrial applications in carbon capture and bioproduct synthesis. Autotrophic organisms rely on this process to utilize CO₂ as a carbon source in diverse environments.The Calvin CycleThe Calvin cycle is the most widespread carbon fixation mechanism, primarily used by...
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Cell Inclusions01:27

Cell Inclusions

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Prokaryotic cells possess a variety of inclusions that play crucial roles in nutrient storage, metabolic processes, and environmental adaptation. These structures enable bacteria to thrive under fluctuating environmental conditions by storing essential resources and optimizing their metabolic efficiency.Carbon Storage: Poly-β-Hydroxybutyric Acid and Glycogen GranulesBacteria frequently store excess carbon in specialized granules. Poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid (PHB) granules are lipid...
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Measuring Carbon-based Contaminant Mineralization Using Combined CO2 Flux and Radiocarbon Analyses
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サブダクション炭素

Terry Plank1, Craig E Manning2

  • 1Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA. tplank@ldeo.columbia.edu.

Nature
|October 18, 2019
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

地球には隠された炭素循環があり 毎年メガトンの炭素が 沈殿地に入ります このプロセスは大気中の二酸化炭素と酸素のレベルに影響を与え 地質史に影響を与えます

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Author Spotlight: Unraveling the Role of Earthworms in Enhancing Mineral Weathering for CO2 Removal
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科学分野:

  • 地化学
  • 地球科学
  • 火山学

背景:

  • 毎年相当量の炭素が 地球の潜水地帯に入ります
  • この吸収された炭素は大気組成と地球の長期の炭素バランスに影響を与えます
  • 吸収された炭素の運命を理解することは,地球生物化学のサイクルを理解するために不可欠です.

研究 の 目的:

  • サブダクションゾーン内の炭素の移動と変換を制御するプロセスを解明する.
  • 弧火山から放出される二酸化炭素の源と再利用メカニズムを調査する.
  • カーボンインプットとリモビライゼーションのグローバル変動をコンバージェントマージンで分析する.

主な方法:

  • 潜水地帯への炭素輸送に関与する地質学的過程の検討
  • 沈殿した炭素を流体,マグマ,火山ガス,ダイヤモンドに変換する分析.
  • 火山ガスの組成と潜水物質との関係を調べる.

主要な成果:

  • 炭素は微化石,有機物,炭酸沈殿物を通して 沈殿地に入ります
  • 火山による二酸化炭素の排出は主にリサイクルされた沈殿物から発生する.
  • 炭素の変換と放出は,世界各地のサブデュークションゾーンによって大きく異なります.

結論:

  • 潜水地帯は地球内の 隠された炭素循環の 重要な経路として機能します
  • 吸収された炭素のリサイクルは,地球の歴史を通じて大気中のCO2とO2レベルに大きな影響を与えています.
  • コンバージェント・マージンは,複雑な潜水炭素循環を研究するための天然の実験室として機能する.