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人間の歌の普遍性と多様性
Samuel A Mehr1,2,3, Manvir Singh4, Dean Knox5
1Data Science Initiative, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. sam@wjh.harvard.edu manvirsingh@fas.harvard.edu glowacki@psu.edu.
まとめ
音楽はあらゆる社会に存在する 普遍的な人間の行動です 表現は文化によって異なりますが トナリティや 癒やしやダンスなどの文脈との関連は 世界的なパターンを示しています
科学分野:
- 民族音楽学
- 認知科学
- 人類学
背景:
- 音楽は人間の文化に浸透する側面ですが,その普遍的な特徴と文化的多様性は未だに完全に理解されていません.
- 以前の研究では 特定の音楽の伝統に 焦点を当てており グローバルな視野を 制限していました
研究 の 目的:
- 多様なグローバル社会における音楽の普遍的・変数的側面を調査する.
- 世界中で音楽の行動と構造の共通点と違いを特定する.
主な方法:
- 世界社会の代表的なサンプルの音楽的行動を詳細に記述する民族学的コーパス.
- 音声録画のディスクグラフィの分析は,機械の要約,リスナー評価,および手動の転写を使用します.
- 民族学的データと音響の特徴を統計的に分析してパターンを特定する.
主要な成果:
- 音楽は,歌を含む,観察されたすべての社会に存在します.
- 音楽のバリエーションは主にフォーマル性,興奮,宗教性の次元に沿って発生し,社会の内側よりも大きな違いがあります.
- 音響的な特徴は,音楽的な文脈 (例えば,幼児のケア,ヒーリング,ダンス,愛) を予測し,トナリティは広範囲に広がり,リズム/メロディの複雑さは変化し,しばしばパワー法則に従う.
結論:
- 音楽は普遍的な人間的な現象で 共通の特徴と文化的な表現の両方があります
- この研究は,世界の音楽の多様性と共通点を理解するための定量的な枠組みを提供します.
- 基礎にある認知や生物学的な要因が 普遍的な音楽構造や機能に影響を及ぼす可能性があることが 示唆されています
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