北極の森林で冬を過ごす火災
Rebecca C Scholten1, Randi Jandt2, Eric A Miller3
1Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. r.c.scholten@vu.nl.
Nature
|May 20, 2021
まとめ
森林火災は冬の間燃え続け,春には再び燃え上がります. 北極の森林の冬の火災は 暑い夏と 深い有機土壌の燃焼と関連しており 頻度が高まっています
科学分野:
- 森林の生態学
- 火の科学
- 気候変動の影響
背景:
- 森林火災は通常 単一の火災シーズン内に分析されます
- 冬の間 燃え尽きる火は 春には再び燃え尽きる
- 深い有機土壌と 気候の温暖化が加速している北極の森林は 冬の間火災を助長するかもしれません
研究 の 目的:
- 北極の森林における冬期の火災の範囲と影響要因を調査する.
- 冬を過ごす火事,気候条件,土壌特性の関係を理解する.
主な方法:
- アラスカとノースウエスト・テリトリーで冬を過ごす火災を検出するアルゴリズムを開発し,適用した.
- フィールドデータとリモートセンシングデータセットを火災検出と分析のために利用しました.
- 2002年から2018年の火災データを分析した.
主要な成果:
- 冬を過ぎる火災は 暑い夏,大火の年,そして有機土壌に深く燃え込むことと 関連しています
- 冬を過ごすのに有利なこれらの条件は,最近の数十年で増加しています.
- 冬の火災は全焼面積の0.8% (2002年−2018年) であったが,1年で38%に達した.
結論:
- 冬季に発生する火災は,北極の森林における重要な現象であり,気候の温暖化と特殊な火災条件に関連しています.
- これらの火災の空間時間的な予測は,管理機関による早期発見に役立ちます.
- 冬を過ごす火災を早期に検知することで 炭素排出量と消火コストを削減できます
関連する概念動画
Threats to Biodiversity
25.1K
There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
25.1K
Frost Resistant Concrete
203
Concrete's susceptibility to frost damage during freeze-thaw cycles demands strategic measures to enhance its frost resistance. Employing techniques like air entrainment, adjusting the water-cement ratio, proper curing, and selecting appropriate aggregates are essential.
Introducing microscopic air bubbles into the concrete mix through air entrainment creates small voids that accommodate ice expansion, thereby reducing internal pressures and preventing cracking. The optimal amount of...
Introducing microscopic air bubbles into the concrete mix through air entrainment creates small voids that accommodate ice expansion, thereby reducing internal pressures and preventing cracking. The optimal amount of...
203
Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss
27.0K
Though evaporation from plant leaves drives transpiration, it also results in loss of water. Because water is critical for photosynthetic reactions and other cellular processes, evolutionary pressures on plants in different environments have driven the acquisition of adaptations that reduce water loss.
27.0K
Conservation of Declining Populations
11.7K
Conservation of declining population focuses on ways of detecting, diagnosing, and halting a population decline. The approach uses methods to prevent populations from going extinct.
11.7K
Responses to Drought and Flooding
11.3K
Water plays a significant role in the life cycle of plants. However, insufficient or excess of water can be detrimental and pose a serious threat to plants.
11.3K
Ecological Disturbance
19.6K
An ecological disturbance is a temporary disruption in the environment resulting from abiotic, biotic, or anthropogenic factors, causing a pronounced change in an ecosystem. The impact of an ecological disturbance, which can depend on its intensity, frequency, and spatial distribution, plays a significant role in shaping the species diversity within the ecosystem.
19.6K


