純負の炭素経済を運用する
Johannes Bednar1,2, Michael Obersteiner3,4, Artem Baklanov3,5
1International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria. bednar@iiasa.ac.at.
Nature
|July 8, 2021
まとめ
1.5°Cの温暖化のための炭素予算が 枯渇に近づいているので 世界は 純負の排出量に備えなければなりません 炭素除去義務 (CRO) のような新しい経済手段は,この移行を資金提供し,早期の脱炭素化を奨励することができます.
科学分野:
- 気候科学
- 環境経済学
- 政策分析
背景:
- 残りの炭素予算は1.5°Cの地球温暖化に ほぼ尽きています
- 累積した炭素負債を補うために,将来の負の排出量が必要です.
- 現在の二酸化炭素除去 (CDR) のための経済政策の手段は不十分です.
研究 の 目的:
- カーボンネガティブ経済を 資金提供するための インターテンポラル・エコノミクス・インstrument を提案する.
- 炭素債務の返済を奨励するための市場ベースのアプローチを調査する.
- 広く適用される炭素税と排出ガス取引システムの基盤を確立する.
主な方法:
- "炭素除去義務" (CRO) を用いた理想化された市場アプローチを調査した.
- 炭素負債の利息による大気中のCO2貯蔵の価格設定の財政的影響をモデル化しました.
- 短期的な脱炭素化とCDRの導入に対するCROの影響を分析した.
主要な成果:
- 排出者に対して二酸化炭素の排出量を 負わせるためのCROの提案
- 債務不履行のリスクに対処するための炭素債務の利息支払いと二酸化炭素貯蔵価格
- CROはより野心的な短期的な脱炭素化と より早期に,より積極的なCDRの導入を奨励していることがわかりました.
結論:
- CROは,炭素税と排出量取引システムの基盤となり, 純負の炭素経済を資金提供することができます.
- CROの利息はより迅速な脱炭素化を促進し,CDRの導入タイミングを最適化します.
- CROは野心的な気候目標を達成し,緩和努力における世代間の公平性を確保するために不可欠です.
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