腸管上皮におけるTLR5シグナル伝達はバリア支持型マクロファージを促進する
Ming-Ting Tsai1,2, Ryann Callaghan2,3, Charles Ng4
1Molecular Virology and Microbiology Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
Science immunology
|January 16, 2026
まとめ
大腸菌フラジェリンは上皮トル様受容体5(TLR5)を介してシグナル伝達し、C-Cケモカインリガンド2(CCL2)産生を誘導する。これにより、C-Cケモカイン受容体2(CCR2)陽性単球が募集され、腸管マクロファージが補充され、上皮バリア修復が促進される。
科学分野:
- 免疫学
- 微生物学
- 消化器病学
背景:
- 腸管マクロファージは上皮バリアの維持に重要であり、循環単球によって補充される。
- この補充プロセスを制御する微生物因子と宿主経路は、依然として十分に理解されていない。
- 共生微生物叢はこの恒常性プロセスに不可欠であることが知られている。
研究 の 目的:
- 腸管マクロファージ補充に関与する微生物因子と宿主経路を解明すること。
- 大腸菌定着が大腸免疫とバリア機能の調節に果たす役割を調査すること。
- 微生物成分が単球募集を促進するメカニズムを理解すること。
主な方法:
- 大腸菌分離株を用いたマウスの定着と、腸管病理およびマクロファージ集団の評価。
- 大腸菌に対する上皮細胞応答を研究するためのヒト結腸オルガノイドの利用。
- ノックアウトマウスおよびフラジェリン欠損細菌を用いたC-Cケモカインリガンド2(CCL2)、フラジェリン、トル様受容体5(TLR5)の単球募集および保護における役割の調査。
主要な成果:
- 大腸菌の定着はC-Cケモカイン受容体2(CCR2)陽性マクロファージを増加させ、大腸炎を軽減した。
- 大腸菌は腸管上皮幹細胞にCCL2を分泌させ、単球遊走を促進した。
- 高レベルのフラジェリン発現を持つ大腸菌はCCL2産生と相関し、上皮TLR5によるフラジェリン感知は単球募集と保護に不可欠であった。
結論:
- TLR5による上皮フラジェリン感知は、CCR2陽性マクロファージを腸管に募集する重要な経路である。
- この微生物-宿主相互作用は腸管上皮バリア修復を促進する。
- フラジェリンのような特定の大腸菌成分は、治療的に宿主防御機構を強化することができる。
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