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相关概念视频

The Citric Acid Cycle02:36

The Citric Acid Cycle

The citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle or TCA cycle, consists of several energy-generating reactions that yield one ATP molecule, three NADH molecules, one FADH2 molecule, and two CO2 molecules.
The Citric Acid Cycle: Overview01:37

The Citric Acid Cycle: Overview

In aerobic organisms, the citric acid cycle is the second stage of cellular respiration wherein molecules derived from the breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are oxidized into carbon dioxide and energy. This process is also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle as the first product of the cycle, citric acid, contains three carboxyl groups in its structure. Alternatively, this cycle is also referred to as the Krebs cycle, in honor of its discoverer Sir Hans Krebs.
The citric...
Aldehydes and Ketones with Alcohols: Hemiacetal Formation01:19

Aldehydes and Ketones with Alcohols: Hemiacetal Formation

Similar to water, alcohols can add to the carbonyl carbon of the aldehydes and ketones. The addition of one molecule of alcohol to the carbonyl compound forms the hemiacetal or half acetal. As depicted below, in a hemiacetal, the carbon is directly linked to an OH and OR group.
C–C Bond Formation: Aldol Condensation Overview01:10

C–C Bond Formation: Aldol Condensation Overview

Aldol condensation is an important route in synthetic organic chemistry used to generate a new carbon–carbon bond under basic or acidic conditions. The aldol condensation reaction presented in Figure 1 constitutes an aldol addition reaction followed by the dehydration process.
Aldol Condensation vs Claisen Condensation01:33

Aldol Condensation vs Claisen Condensation

Aldol condensation is an acid or base-catalyzed condensation between aldehydes or ketones to give an α,ꞵ-unsaturated carbonyl compound. A base-promoted condensation between ester molecules to produce a ꞵ-ketoester is known as the Claisen condensation. In the presence of a base, both reactions involve deprotonation of the acidic α hydrogen to produce the corresponding enolates. The nucleophilic enolates attack their respective nonenolized carbonyl compound forming a tetrahedral intermediate.
Amino Acid Biosynthetic Pathways01:29

Amino Acid Biosynthetic Pathways

Amino acid biosynthesis is essential for cell growth, protein synthesis, and metabolic regulation. Cells generate essential and non-essential amino acids from metabolic intermediates to sustain vital biological functions. These intermediates originate from key metabolic pathways: glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and the pentose phosphate pathway. Important precursors include α-ketoglutarate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, phosphoenolpyruvate, and erythrose-4-phosphate, which provide...

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Hydrolysis of a Ni-Schiff-Base Complex Using Conditions Suitable for Retention of Acid-labile Protecting Groups
06:44

Hydrolysis of a Ni-Schiff-Base Complex Using Conditions Suitable for Retention of Acid-labile Protecting Groups

Published on: April 6, 2017

双循环三氨酸的合成,构造和基本性.

Thomas W Bell1, Heung-Jin Choi, William Harte

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557-0020, USA. twb@unr.edu

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|October 2, 2003
PubMed
概括

具有1,5,9-triazacyclododecane环的自行车三胺因结合而被单质子化时表现出增强的稳定性. 较短的桥梁不能提供这种稳定性,这是NMR和计算研究证实的.

科学领域:

  • 有机化学 有机化学
  • 超分子化学 超分子化学
  • 物理化学 物理化学

背景情况:

  • 合成包含1,5,9-triazacyclododecane环系统的新型双环三胺.
  • 研究质子化状态及其对分子稳定性的影响.

研究的目的:

  • 合成和表征具有不同桥梁长度的双循环三胺.
  • 为了研究在单质子三胺中结网络的稳定效应.
  • 为了确定键对分子构成和稳定性的能量贡献.

主要方法:

  • 双循环三胺衍生物的多级有机合成.
  • 用于结构阐明的X射线晶体学.
  • 可变温度 (1)H和 (13)C的NMR光谱测量激活的自由能量.
  • 计算研究 (例如,DFT) 来分析键和形状偏好.

主要成果:

  • 具有三碳桥梁的三胺 (1,5,9-triazabicyclo[7.3.3]pentadecanes) 由于强大的联网,它们的单质子形式 (>8 pK(a) 单位差异) 呈现出显著的稳定.
  • 具有一或零碳桥梁的三胺在它们的单质子状态中没有增强的稳定性.
  • X射线结构和计算数据证实了结网络的存在和强度,特别是在15.HI.

更多相关视频

Preparation of 6-aminocyclohepta-2,4-dien-1-one Derivatives via Tricarbonyl(tropone)iron
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Versatile CO2 Transformations into Complex Products: A One-pot Two-step Strategy
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Versatile CO2 Transformations into Complex Products: A One-pot Two-step Strategy

Published on: November 9, 2019

相关实验视频

Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Hydrolysis of a Ni-Schiff-Base Complex Using Conditions Suitable for Retention of Acid-labile Protecting Groups
06:44

Hydrolysis of a Ni-Schiff-Base Complex Using Conditions Suitable for Retention of Acid-labile Protecting Groups

Published on: April 6, 2017

Preparation of 6-aminocyclohepta-2,4-dien-1-one Derivatives via Tricarbonyl(tropone)iron
07:56

Preparation of 6-aminocyclohepta-2,4-dien-1-one Derivatives via Tricarbonyl(tropone)iron

Published on: August 12, 2019

Versatile CO2 Transformations into Complex Products: A One-pot Two-step Strategy
07:36

Versatile CO2 Transformations into Complex Products: A One-pot Two-step Strategy

Published on: November 9, 2019

  • 核磁共振研究确定了对形状逆转的自由活化能量,并提供了对二叉键强度的估计 (例如,在实验中为6.2 kcal/mol,在计算中为16.HI为10.32 kcal/mol).

    • 结论:

    • 双循环三胺中碳桥的长度通过分子内键对它们的单质子形式的稳定性产生了关键的影响.
    • 三碳桥有效地创建稳定结网络,涉及桥头.
    • 计算和实验数据为这些系统中二叉键的强度和作用提供了定量见解.