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When cells are placed in a hypotonic (low-salt) fluid, they can swell and burst. Meanwhile, cells in a hypertonic solution—with a higher salt concentration—can shrivel and die. How do fish cells avoid these gruesome fates in hypotonic freshwater or hypertonic seawater environments?

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相关实验视频

Updated: May 12, 2026

Expression of Fluorescent Proteins in Branchiostoma lanceolatum by mRNA Injection into Unfertilized Oocytes
09:31

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Published on: January 12, 2015

一个幼虫的德纪肺鱼.

Keith S Thomson1, Mark Sutton, Bethia Thomas

  • 1Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PW, UK. keith.thomson@university-museum.oxford.ac.uk

Nature
|December 20, 2003
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

尼 (Palaeospondylus gunni) 是一个德纪的化石,被确定为已知的最古老的脊椎动物幼虫. 这种微小的化石代表了肺鱼的幼虫阶段,可能是Dipterus valenciennesi,需要变形才能达到成年.

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科学领域:

  • 古生物学的古生物学.
  • 脊椎动物的进化 脊椎动物的进化
  • 发展生物学 发展生物学

背景情况:

  • 帕莱奥斯潘迪勒斯·冈尼 (Palaeospondylus gunni) 是一个来自中代纪的微小脊椎动物化石.
  • 它于1890年发现,在苏格兰的阿查纳拉斯采石场 (Achanarras Quarry) 丰富.
  • 它的身份和生命阶段一直是古生物学的长期难题.

研究的目的:

  • 为了确定化石Palaeospondylus gunni的身份和生命阶段.
  • 了解早期脊椎动物的发育过程.

主要方法:

  • 化石形态学的比较分析.
  • 基于化石证据的发育途径的重建.

主要成果:

  • 帕莱奥斯潘迪勒斯·冈尼 (Palaeospondylus gunni) 被认为是肺鱼的幼虫阶段.
  • 最可能的成年形式是Dipterus valenciennesi.
  • 发展到成人的形式需要一个独特的变形.

结论:

  • 帕莱奥斯潘迪勒斯 (Paleospondylus) 是已知最古老的真正脊椎动物幼虫.
  • 这一发现揭示了脊椎动物转化过程的演变过程.
  • 它提供了对纪生态系统和鱼类进化的新见解.