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相关概念视频

Tonicity in Animals00:59

Tonicity in Animals

The tonicity of a solution determines if a cell gains or loses water in that solution. The tonicity depends on the permeability of the cell membrane for different solutes and the concentration of nonpenetrating solutes in the solution within and outside of the cell. If a semipermeable membrane hinders the passage of some solutes but allows water to follow its concentration gradient, water moves from the side with low osmolarity (i.e., less solute) to the side with higher osmolarity (i.e.,...
Parental Care00:55

Parental Care

Many animals exhibit parental care behavior, including feeding, grooming, and protecting young offspring. Parental care is universal in mammals and birds, which often have young that are born relatively helpless. Several species of insects and fish, as well as some amphibians, also care for their young.
Trophic Levels01:35

Trophic Levels

All organisms in an ecosystem occupy a trophic level in the food chain. The lowest level consists of primary producers, which synthesize their food from either solar or chemical energy. Each subsequent level obtains energy from the levels below. Detritivores can occupy any of the levels above primary producers.
Epiphytes, Parasites, and Carnivores02:40

Epiphytes, Parasites, and Carnivores

Plants often form mutualistic relationships with soil-dwelling fungi or bacteria to enhance their roots’ nutrient uptake ability. Root-colonizing fungi (e.g., mycorrhizae) increase a plant’s root surface area, which promotes nutrient absorption. While root-colonizing, nitrogen-fixing bacteria (e.g., rhizobia) convert atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonia (NH3), making nitrogen available to plants for various biological functions. For example, nitrogen is essential for the biosynthesis of the...
Tonicity in Animals01:16

Tonicity in Animals

Tonicity describes the amount of solute in a solution. The measure of the tonicity of a solution, or the total amount of solutes dissolved in a specific amount of solution, is called its osmolarity. Three terms—hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic—are used to relate the osmolarity of a cell to the osmolarity of the extracellular fluid that contains the cells. In a hypotonic solution, such as tap water, the extracellular fluid has a lower concentration of solutes than the fluid inside the cell,...
Diversity of Protists II01:27

Diversity of Protists II

Alveolates are a group of organisms recognized by the presence of alveoli, which are cytoplasmic sacs located beneath the cell membrane. While their function remains uncertain, alveoli may help regulate water balance by controlling how much water enters and leaves the cell. In dinoflagellates, these structures may serve as armor plates. There are three major types of alveolates: ciliates, which move using cilia; dinoflagellates, which use flagella for movement; and apicomplexans, which are...

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Regular Care and Maintenance of a Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Laboratory: An Introduction
11:47

Regular Care and Maintenance of a Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Laboratory: An Introduction

Published on: November 18, 2012

在底部养的类动物.

Colin R McHenry1, Alex G Cook, Stephen Wroe

  • 1School of Environmental and Life Sciences (Geology) University of Newcastle, New South Wales 2308, Australia. colin.mchenry@newcastle.edu.au

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 8, 2005
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

甲时期的弹性osaurid plesiosaurs,以前认为只吃小鱼,消耗了盆地无脊椎动物. 化石证据还揭示了许多胃石,挑战了以前关于它们的饮食和功能的假设.

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科学领域:

  • 古生物学的古生物学
  • 海洋生物学 海洋生物学
  • 甲时期的生态系统

背景情况:

  • 在白纪期间,elasmosaurid plesiosaurs 是主要的海洋爬行动物.
  • 一般认为它们会捕食小型,快速游泳的海洋生物,如鱼类和头足动物.
  • Plesiosaurs中的胃石 (胃石) 的功能一直是争论的主题.

研究的目的:

  • 为了研究白时期的弹性osaurid plesiosaurs 的饮食.
  • 分析来自澳大利亚elasmosaurid标本的化石肠道遗骸的内容.
  • 重新评估类动物的生态利基和胃石功能.

主要方法:

  • 从两个elasmosaurid plesiosaur标本的化石肠道内容的分析.
  • 摄入的猎物物品的识别,包括无脊椎动物和胃石.
  • 澳大利亚昆士兰州阿普蒂安和阿尔比安矿床的地质背景.

主要成果:

  • 化石肠道内容主要由盆地无脊椎动物如双动物,类动物和甲类动物主导.
  • 这两种标本都含有大量的胃石.
  • 这些发现表明,这些类动物的饮食范围比以前所认为的更为广泛.

结论:

  • 拉斯莫类类动物占据了更广泛的生态利基,包括地无脊椎动物的掠食.
  • 众多胃石的存在可能与这种更广泛的饮食或其他功能有关.
  • 这些发现挑战了长期以来关于elasmosaurid养习惯和胃石功效的观点.