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相关概念视频

The Kinetic Model of Gases01:24

The Kinetic Model of Gases

The kinetic model of gases explains the properties of a perfect gas using three main assumptions: molecules move in ceaseless random motion, their size is negligible compared to the distances between them, and they do not interact except during perfectly elastic collisions. The total energy of a gas is the sum of the kinetic energies of all its constituent molecules. The pressure exerted by the gas arises from the continual bombardment of the container walls by billions of colliding molecules.
Thermal Sigmatropic Reactions: Overview01:16

Thermal Sigmatropic Reactions: Overview

Sigmatropic rearrangements are a class of pericyclic reactions in which a σ bond migrates from one part of a π system to another. These are intramolecular rearrangements where the total number of σ and π bonds remain unchanged.
Sigmatropic shifts are classified based on an order term [i, j ], where i and j indicate the number of atoms across which each end of the σ bond migrates. Below are examples of a [3,3] sigmatropic shift in 1,5-hexadiene, referred to as...
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I01:14

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I

Just as interesting as the effects of heat transfer on a system are the methods by which the heat transfer occur. Whenever there is a temperature difference, heat transfer occurs. It may occur rapidly, such as through a cooking pan, or slowly, such as through the walls of a picnic ice box. So many processes involve heat transfer that it is hard to imagine a situation where no heat transfer occurs. Yet, every heat transfer takes place by only three methods: conduction, convection, and radiation.
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer01:14

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer

Heat transfer between the human body and its environment occurs through four main mechanisms: conduction, convection, radiation, and evaporation.
Conduction, accounting for approximately 3% of body heat loss at rest, is the process of exchanging heat between molecules of two materials in direct contact. This can result in both heat loss and gain. For instance, when the body is submerged in water, which conducts heat 20 times more effectively than air, it can either lose or gain significant heat.
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II01:20

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II

In convection, thermal energy is carried by the large-scale flow of matter. Ocean currents and large-scale atmospheric circulation, which result from the buoyancy of warm air and water, transfer hot air from the tropics toward the poles and cold air from the poles toward the tropics. The Earth’s rotation interacts with those flows, causing the observed eastward flow of air in the temperate zones. Convection dominates heat transfer by air, and the amount of available space for the airflow...
Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Blood Flow-Limited Versus Diffusion-Limited Models00:57

Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Blood Flow-Limited Versus Diffusion-Limited Models

Physiological pharmacokinetic models, often called flow-limited or perfusion models, typically assume a swift drug distribution between tissue and venous blood, creating a rapid drug equilibrium. This premise is based on the idea that drug diffusion is extremely fast, and the cell membrane presents no barrier to drug permeation. In this scenario, where no drug binding occurs, the drug concentration in the tissue equals that of the venous blood leaving the tissue. This greatly simplifies the...

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Characterization of Thermal Transport in One-dimensional Solid Materials
05:20

Characterization of Thermal Transport in One-dimensional Solid Materials

Published on: January 26, 2014

热扩散的新模型:动力学方法.

Pierre-Arnaud Artola1, Bernard Rousseau, Guillaume Galliéro

  • 1Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR 8000, Université Paris-Sud 11, Orsay, France.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|July 26, 2008
PubMed
概括

一个新的运动模型准确地预测了混合物中的热扩散和索雷特系数. 这种基于自我扩散激活自由能量的模型与伦纳德-斯和水-乙醇系统的分子动力学模拟非常一致.

科学领域:

  • 热力学是一种热力学.
  • 化学工程是化学工程的重要组成部分.
  • 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学

背景情况:

  • 热扩散和索雷特效应是多元件系统中的关键现象.
  • 现有的模型往往难以准确预测这些效应,特别是在复杂的混合物中.
  • 了解这些传输特性对于各种应用至关重要,包括分离过程和材料设计.

研究的目的:

  • 开发和验证一种新的热扩散动力模型.
  • 将质量和化学贡献明确纳入模型.
  • 为了准确预测索雷特系数和自我扩散激活的自由能量.

主要方法:

  • 根据Prigogine的方法推导出一种动力模型.
  • 包括自我扩散激活的自由能量.
  • 平衡和不平衡的分子动力学模拟.
  • 自扩散激活自由和索雷特系数的计算.

主要成果:

  • 新模型与伦纳德-斯混合物的模拟数据有很好的一致性.
  • 准确预测水与乙醇混合物中索雷特系数的信号变化的组成依赖性.
  • 对水-乙醇系统观察到的整体良好行为.

更多相关视频

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
06:55

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

Published on: September 26, 2016

Experimental Methodology for Estimation of Local Heat Fluxes and Burning Rates in Steady Laminar Boundary Layer Diffusion Flames
10:29

Experimental Methodology for Estimation of Local Heat Fluxes and Burning Rates in Steady Laminar Boundary Layer Diffusion Flames

Published on: June 1, 2016

相关实验视频

Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Characterization of Thermal Transport in One-dimensional Solid Materials
05:20

Characterization of Thermal Transport in One-dimensional Solid Materials

Published on: January 26, 2014

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
06:55

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

Published on: September 26, 2016

Experimental Methodology for Estimation of Local Heat Fluxes and Burning Rates in Steady Laminar Boundary Layer Diffusion Flames
10:29

Experimental Methodology for Estimation of Local Heat Fluxes and Burning Rates in Steady Laminar Boundary Layer Diffusion Flames

Published on: June 1, 2016

结论:

  • 拟议的动力模型为预测热扩散和索雷特系数提供了一个强大的框架.
  • 模型的准确性通过其与模拟数据的强大性能来验证.
  • 对于水-乙醇系统,建议在更高温度下进行进一步的实验验证.