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相关概念视频

Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Generating De Novo Antigen-specific Human T Cell Receptors by Retroviral Transduction of Centric Hemichain
08:48

Generating De Novo Antigen-specific Human T Cell Receptors by Retroviral Transduction of Centric Hemichain

Published on: October 25, 2016

通过可变的淋巴细胞受体进行抗原识别.

Byung Woo Han1, Brantley R Herrin, Max D Cooper

  • 1Department of Molecular Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 27, 2008
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

没有的脊椎动物使用可变淋巴细胞受体 (VLRs) 进行适应性免疫. 结构分析揭示了VLR如何通过特定的分子相互作用和可变区域识别抗原,如H抗原.

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Using X-ray Crystallography, Biophysics, and Functional Assays to Determine the Mechanisms Governing T-cell Receptor Recognition of Cancer Antigens
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Development of an IFN-γ ELISpot Assay to Assess Varicella-Zoster Virus-specific Cell-mediated Immunity Following Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation
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Generating De Novo Antigen-specific Human T Cell Receptors by Retroviral Transduction of Centric Hemichain
08:48

Generating De Novo Antigen-specific Human T Cell Receptors by Retroviral Transduction of Centric Hemichain

Published on: October 25, 2016

Using X-ray Crystallography, Biophysics, and Functional Assays to Determine the Mechanisms Governing T-cell Receptor Recognition of Cancer Antigens
09:53

Using X-ray Crystallography, Biophysics, and Functional Assays to Determine the Mechanisms Governing T-cell Receptor Recognition of Cancer Antigens

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Development of an IFN-γ ELISpot Assay to Assess Varicella-Zoster Virus-specific Cell-mediated Immunity Following Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation
08:04

Development of an IFN-γ ELISpot Assay to Assess Varicella-Zoster Virus-specific Cell-mediated Immunity Following Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation

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科学领域:

  • 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
  • 结构生物学 结构生物学
  • 生物化学 生物化学

背景情况:

  • 没有的脊椎动物拥有独特的适应性免疫系统,它依赖于可变的淋巴细胞受体 (VLR) 而不是抗体.
  • 用于抗原识别的VLRs的庞大作品集是通过组合性基因段组合的氨酸丰富的重复 (LRRs) 生成的.

研究的目的:

  • 为了确定一个VLR-抗原复合物的高分辨率晶体结构.
  • 阐明VLR介导的抗原识别和特异性的基础分子机制.

主要方法:

  • 使用X射线晶体学来确定VLR RBC36与H抗原三糖化合物复合的结构.
  • 结构分析的重点是确定负责抗原结合的关键残留物和相互作用.

主要成果:

  • 与H抗原三糖化物复合的VLR RBC36的晶体结构在1.67安格斯特罗姆分辨率下得到解析.
  • RBC36将H-三糖化合物结合到其形LRR表面,涉及特定的水友性残留物,范德瓦尔斯相互作用和可变的C端LRR插入物.
  • 该研究确定了VLR结构内抗原识别和特异性的关键决定因素.

结论:

  • VLRs的凸表面由高度可变的LRR区域和可变插入形成,对于识别各种抗原至关重要.
  • 对VLR-抗原相互作用的结构洞察力为了解无脊椎动物的适应性免疫提供了分子基础.