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相关概念视频

Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Valence Bond Theory and Hybridized Orbitals02:38

Valence Bond Theory and Hybridized Orbitals

According to valence bond theory, a covalent bond results when: (1) an orbital on one atom overlaps an orbital on a second atom, and (2) the single electrons in each orbital combine to form an electron pair. The strength of a covalent bond depends on the extent of overlap of the orbitals involved. Maximum overlap is possible when the orbitals overlap on a direct line between the two nuclei.
A σ bond (single bond in a Lewis structure) is a covalent bond in which the electron density is...
Properties of Transition Metals02:58

Properties of Transition Metals

Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
Electron Configurations02:46

Electron Configurations

Electron configurations and orbital diagrams can be determined by applying the Aufbau principle (each added electron occupies the subshell of lowest energy available), Pauli exclusion principle (no two electrons can have the same set of four quantum numbers), and Hund’s rule of maximum multiplicity (whenever possible, electrons retain unpaired spins in degenerate orbitals).
The relative energies of the subshells determine the order in which atomic orbitals are filled (1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s,...
Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II03:35

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II

sp3d and sp3d 2 Hybridization

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Zinc-finger Nuclease Enhanced Gene Targeting in Human Embryonic Stem Cells
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Gd(5) Si(4-x) P(x):通过增加价值电子数量的目标结构变化.

Volodymyr Svitlyk1, Gordon J Miller, Yurij Mozharivskyj

  • 1Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1, Canada.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|February 10, 2009
PubMed
概括

研究了加多化 (Gd(5) Si(4-x) P(x)) 系统中的相变化. 增加的替代破坏了板间二极体,改变了晶体结构并扩展了Sm(5) Ge(4) 型结构.

科学领域:

  • 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
  • 固态化学 固态化学
  • 晶体学 晶体学是指结晶学.

背景情况:

  • 加多酸及其合金具有有趣的结构和电子特性.
  • 了解相位转换对于定制材料特性至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 为了研究Gd(5) Si(4-x) P(x) 系统中的相变换.
  • 为了将晶体结构的变化与价值电子数相关联.
  • 为了探索Sm(5) Ge(4) 类型结构的稳定性.

主要方法:

  • 用于结构分析的X射线衍射 (XRD).
  • 在Gd(5) Si(4-x) P(x) 中,系统地用P取代Si.
  • 紧密结合的线性饼-锡轨道 (TB-LMTO) 计算.

主要成果:

  • 在Gd(5) Si(4-x) P(x) 系统 (0 ≤ x ≤ 2) 中观察到的相变.
  • 通过P置换增加的价值电子数量导致板间T-T二极体的断裂.
  • 在Gd(5) Si(2.75) P(1.25) 阶段,显示了[Gd(5) T(4) 板块的剪切运动.
  • 正方形体Sm(5) Ge(4) 型结构在价值电子数量> 31 e(-) / 公式单位时稳定.

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结论:

  • 在研究系统中,晶体结构和价值电子计数之间存在强烈的合.
  • P替代影响板块间粘合和板块安排.
  • TB-LMTO的计算证实了因抗结合状态人口而导致的二次裂变的电子起源.