一个部分的骨盆的澳大利亚白座Sedibaba.
Job M Kibii1, Steven E Churchill, Peter Schmid
1Institute for Human Evolution, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa.
概括
澳大罗皮特 (Australopithecus sediba) 的化石骨盆显示出澳大罗皮特和人类特征的混合,这表明早期人类的进化转变. 盆腔解剖学的这些变化并不是由大脑后代的诞生驱动的.
科学领域:
- 古人类学古人类学.
- 人类进化人类进化
- 骨生物学 骨生物学
背景情况:
- 人类骨盆对于理解运动和分娩的进化变化至关重要.
- 澳大利亚白座 (Australopithecus sediba) 化石提供了关于澳大利亚白座和早期人类之间的过渡的见解.
研究的目的:
- 为了重建和分析两个澳大利亚白座 (Australopithecus sediba) 人的部分骨盆.
- 为了识别与澳大利亚类和人类的共同和衍生特征.
- 为了研究骨盆进化和早期原始人的大脑大小之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 从以前报告的和新的化石材料中重建部分骨盆.
- 盆腔特征的比较解剖分析.
- 阴茎叶片的形态评估,阴茎枝和阴茎.
主要成果:
- 重建的骨盆表现出一系列的特征:类似于澳洲的特征 (大双体直径,小关节,长的阴茎) 和类似于人类的特征 (垂直导向的阴茎叶片,坚固的阴茎体,缩短的阴茎,高度导向的阴茎).
- 通常与Homo属相关的衍生特征在Australopithecus sediba中也存在.
- 这些盆腔适应发生在具有小成年大脑大小的物种中.
结论:
- 奥斯特拉洛皮塞克斯·塞迪巴 (Australopithecus sediba) 的骨盆形态代表了一个重要的进化马赛克.
- 这些衍生骨盆特征的进化可能不是由于需要适应大脑后代的需求而发生的.
- 这一发现挑战了先前的假设,即骨盆进化主要与早期人类进化的大脑大小增加有关.
相关概念视频
Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and Perineum
The muscles of the pelvic floor and perineum are crucial for supporting the pelvic organs, controlling continence, and aiding in sexual function, childbirth, and core stability. They are typically divided into the superficial perineal layer and the deep pelvic floor layer.
Perineal Layer
The perineum is a diamond-shaped area below the pelvic diaphragm, divided into an anterior urogenital triangle that contains the external genitals and a posterior anal triangle housing the anus. The urogenital...
Perineal Layer
The perineum is a diamond-shaped area below the pelvic diaphragm, divided into an anterior urogenital triangle that contains the external genitals and a posterior anal triangle housing the anus. The urogenital...
Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula
The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...
Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella
The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the neck...
Cranial Bones: Lateral View
The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
Overview of the Axial Skeleton
The skeleton is subdivided into two major divisions—the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton forms the vertical, central axis of the body. It includes all of the bones of the head, neck, chest, and back. It protects the brain, spinal cord, heart, and lungs. It also serves as the attachment site for muscles that move the head, neck, and back and for muscles that act across the shoulder and hip joints to move their corresponding limbs.
The axial skeleton of the adult...
The axial skeleton of the adult...
Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus
The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...


