通过营养和水资源管理,缩小产量差距.
Nathaniel D Mueller1, James S Gerber, Matt Johnston
1Institute on the Environment, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA. muell512@umn.edu
Nature
|August 31, 2012
概括
满足未来的粮食需求需要可持续的强化. 缩小产量差距可以显著增加全球作物产量,同时优化营养和水资源管理可以减少环境影响.
科学领域:
- 农业科学 农业科学
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 全球粮食安全 全球粮食安全
背景情况:
- 人类面临的挑战是到2050年满足粮食需求的翻倍,因为农业造成的环境退化.
- 提出可持续强化是为了提高产量和减少环境影响,但其全球影响尚不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 通过缩小收益率差距来评估全球加剧的前景.
- 分析农业管理的空间模式和产量限制.
- 确定必要的管理变化,以提高产量.
主要方法:
- 全球规模评估收益率差距 (观察到的和可实现的收益率之间的差异).
- 控制产量变化的因素分析:肥料使用,灌和气候.
- 对关闭收益差距所需的管理变革的评估.
主要成果:
- 关闭产量差距可以使大多数作物的全球产量增加45%~70%.
- 产量变化主要是由肥料,灌和气候驱动的.
- 通过消除营养过度使用,可以显著减少环境影响,从而使谷物产量增加30%左右.
结论:
- 实现未来的粮食安全和可持续发展目标可以通过对营养和水资源管理的重大改变来实现.
- 可持续的强化需要量身定制的区域管理策略,以有效地弥合收益差距.
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