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相关概念视频

Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia01:30

Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia

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Negative symptoms of schizophrenia indicate a reduction or absence of typical behaviors and emotional responses found in healthy individuals, while positive symptoms reflect an excess or distortion of normal functioning.
Negative Symptoms
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia manifest as deficits in normal emotional and behavioral functioning, profoundly impacting daily life. Individuals with schizophrenia often display a flat affect, characterized by a near-total absence of emotional expression,...
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Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Causes of Social Behavior II: Cognitive Processes01:15

Causes of Social Behavior II: Cognitive Processes

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Cognitive processes affect social behavior by guiding how individuals perceive, interpret, and respond to social stimuli. These mental processes enable individuals to assess others' behaviors, attribute causes to their actions, and form expectations based on past experiences.Causes of Behavior and Social JudgmentsIndividuals determine the causes of others' behaviors by distinguishing between personal traits and external circumstances. For example, if a friend frequently arrives late, an...
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Environmental Influences on Intelligence01:29

Environmental Influences on Intelligence

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Despite the strong genetic influence on traits like intelligence, environmental factors significantly shape outcomes. For example, while over 90% of height variation is due to genetic differences, environmental factors such as nutrition also have a notable impact. Similarly, for intelligence, changes in a child's surroundings can significantly alter their IQ. Research shows that enriched environments boost children's academic success and help them develop key cognitive skills. Children...
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Cognitive Dissonance01:38

Cognitive Dissonance

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Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
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Cognitivism01:17

Cognitivism

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Cognitive psychology emerged as a significant field in the mid-20th century. It focused on understanding humans' internal mental processes. This approach emphasizes how people perceive, remember, think, and solve problems—elements critical to human cognition.
Previously dominated by behaviorism, which prioritized observable behaviors and largely ignored mental processes, psychology transformed in the 1950s. Cognitive psychologists argue that understanding how we think and process...
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相关实验视频

Updated: May 5, 2026

Highlighting and Reducing the Impact of Negative Aging Stereotypes During Older Adults' Cognitive Testing
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Highlighting and Reducing the Impact of Negative Aging Stereotypes During Older Adults' Cognitive Testing

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评论 "贫困阻碍了认知功能"

Jelte M Wicherts1, Annemarie Zand Scholten

  • 1Jelte Wicherts, Department of Methodology and Statistics, Tilburg University, P.O. Box 90153, 5000 LE, Tilburg, Netherlands.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|December 7, 2013
PubMed
概括

贫困的担忧可能会影响所有收入水平的认知功能,而不仅仅是穷人. 重新分析表明,以前的发现可能是由于测试限制而不是收入本身.

科学领域:

  • 认知心理学 认知心理学
  • 社会经济学研究 社会经济学研究
  • 行为经济学是一种行为经济学.

背景情况:

  • 以前的研究表明,与贫困相关的担忧会损害认知功能.
  • 马尼等人. 马尼等人. 提出了支持这一假设的实验室实验.

研究的目的:

  • 重新分析马尼等人发现的结果. 关于贫困的担忧和认知功能.
  • 调查收入和财务担忧对认知表现的影响,而不是二分化.

主要方法:

  • 重新分析现有的实验数据,而不会对收入水平进行二分化.
  • 检查收入和实验操纵之间的潜在虚假相互作用.
  • 在认知测试中评估上限效应.

主要成果:

  • 重新分析未能证实最初的发现.
  • 发现了虚假的相互作用,可能是由于简短,简单的测试的上限效应.
  • 财务担忧的认知影响可能超出贫困人口范围.

结论:

  • 最初的结论是,贫困担忧特别阻碍了贫困人口的认知功能,这一重新分析并不支持.
  • 财务担忧可能会对不同社会经济层面的认知功能产生更广泛的影响.

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  • 在研究社会经济因素和认知方面,方法论方面的考虑,如测试设计,至关重要.