癌症和微生物群
1Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases and Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|April 4, 2015
概括
人类微生物群可以影响癌症的发展和治疗. 了解这些微生物的作用是新的癌症诊断和治疗的关键.
科学领域:
- 微生物学 微生物学
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
背景情况:
- 人类微生物群在癌症易感性方面发挥着复杂的作用.
- 微生物,宿主遗传和环境因素之间的相互作用在致癌过程中至关重要.
- 微生物对癌症治疗反应和并发症的影响是一个新兴的研究领域.
研究的目的:
- 审查微生物和微生物群在癌症中的多方面的作用.
- 探索微生物群如何影响致癌和癌症治疗.
- 突出基于微生物群的癌症管理策略的潜力.
主要方法:
- 关于癌症中宿主微生物群相互作用的当前研究的文献综述.
- 对调查微生物对癌症发展贡献的研究进行分析.
- 综合了关于微生物群对癌症治疗疗效和副作用的影响的发现.
主要成果:
- 微生物群可以促进或抑制癌症的进展.
- 特定的微生物成分与不同的癌症风险有关.
- 微生物群影响患者对化疗和免疫疗法的反应.
结论:
- 主体微生物群是癌症病因和进展的重要因素.
- 准微生物群对新型癌症预防和治疗策略有前途.
- 对宿主-微生物-环境相互作用的进一步研究对于推进癌症治疗至关重要.
相关概念视频
02:17The Tumor Microenvironment
8.2K
Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
8.2K
02:17The Tumor Microenvironment
3.2K
3.2K
01:22Introduction to the Human Microbiota
104
Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity,...
104
01:27Microbiota of the Large Intestine
77
The large intestine hosts the most densely populated microbial ecosystem in the human body. This complex community primarily consists of anaerobic bacteria, with Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) and Bacteroidota (formerly Bacteroidetes) as the predominant groups. The distribution of these microbes varies along different sections of the large intestine, influenced by local environmental factors such as oxygen availability and nutrient composition.The cecum, located at the beginning of the large...
77
01:27The Oral Microbiota
57
The oral microbiome includes a complex ecosystem comprising over 700 microbial species, identified through genomic sequencing and culture-based analyses to date. This community includes a core microbiome, found universally among individuals, and a variable component influenced by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and host genetics. Site-specific conditions, including oxygen gradients, pH levels, and nutrient availability, determine the spatial distribution of these microorganisms...
57
01:27The Skin Microbiota
83
The human skin serves as a complex ecosystem inhabited by a diverse community of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This microbiome plays a critical role in maintaining skin health and defending against pathogenic invaders. The composition of microbial communities varies significantly across different regions of the body, influenced primarily by the local levels of moisture and sebum.Regional Variation in Skin MicrobiotaCutibacterium acnes predominantly colonizes sebaceous...
83