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相关概念视频

Exon Recombination02:32

Exon Recombination

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The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon...
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RNA Splicing01:32

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Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
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Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
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Gene Duplication and Divergence02:37

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The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was  generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...
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相关实验视频

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Microinjection for Transgenesis and Genome Editing in Threespine Sticklebacks
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在长脊椎动物基因中的递归拼接.

Christopher R Sibley1,2, Warren Emmett3, Lorea Blazquez1

  • 1Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.

Nature
|May 14, 2015
PubMed
概括

递归拼接是一种多步骤的内部去除过程,在长哺乳动物大脑基因中发现. 这种机制使用递归拼接位 (RS位) 来产生多样化的信使RNA异型,影响神经元发育.

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科学领域:

  • 分子生物学分子生物学
  • 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
  • 神经科学是一个神经科学.

背景情况:

  • 在RNA拼接过程中,内部去除通常以单个单元的形式发生.
  • 递归拼接是一种不太常见的,在某些生物体中观察到的多步骤的内部去除过程.
  • 在脊椎动物中,特别是神经元基因中,递归拼接的流行率和机制在很大程度上仍未被探索.

研究的目的:

  • 研究哺乳动物基因中递归拼接的发生和功能意义.
  • 阐明脊椎动物系统中递归拼接的机制基础.
  • 了解循环拼接如何促进大脑mRNA异型的多样性.

主要方法:

  • 在哺乳动物基因中识别和分析保存的递归拼接位 (RS位).
  • 脊椎动物之间的比较基因组学,以评估RS位点的分布.
  • 实验性调查RS-exon的包含和排除机制.
  • 通过递归拼接生成的mRNA异型的分析.

主要成果:

  • 在哺乳动物大脑基因中发现了高度保存的RS位点,这些基因对神经元发育至关重要.
  • 在脊椎动物中,RS位点在一些最长的内子中普遍存在.
  • 脊椎动物的复杂拼接涉及形成一个"RS-exon",它通常被排除在主导的mRNA异型中.
  • RS-exon的含有受到5'拼接部位复合效率的调节,并可能导致mRNA稳定性下降.

结论:

  • 递归拼接是一种在脊椎动物中进化保存的机制,特别活跃在神经元基因的长内核中.
  • RS站点充当二元拼接开关,通过将加密的调节元素与RS外子的包含/排除相合,产生不同的mRNA异型.
  • 这一过程有助于转录组的多样性,并可能调节神经元发育中的基因表达.