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相关概念视频

Hydration of Cement01:24

Hydration of Cement

2.0K
Hydration of cement is a chemical reaction between cement particles and water. This process occurs primarily through two mechanisms: through-solution and topochemical. In the through-solution process, anhydrous compounds dissolve into their constituents, hydrates form in the solution, and then precipitate from the supersaturated solution. The topochemical process involves solid-state reactions at the cement particle surface. The through-solution process dominates the topochemical process at the...
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Design Example: Managing Concrete Workability01:14

Design Example: Managing Concrete Workability

421
This example deals with managing the workability of concrete for a raft foundation project under hot weather conditions. Workability is crucial for ensuring the concrete is easy to place, compact, and finish. In this scenario, a slump test — a common method to measure the workability of fresh concrete — initially indicated low workability. This was attributed to the rapid water loss from the concrete mix, exacerbated by the high temperatures causing the course aggregates to heat up.
421
Gradually Varying Flow01:29

Gradually Varying Flow

723
Gradually varying flow (GVF) in open channels describes situations where water depth changes slowly along the channel due to factors like non-uniform bed slope, channel shape variations, or obstructions. This flow type occurs when the depth adjusts gradually to balance gravitational forces, shear forces, and energy requirements, resulting in a low rate of depth change.Characteristics of Gradually Varying FlowGVF is commonly observed in natural streams, rivers, and canals, where flow depth...
723
Underflow Gates01:30

Underflow Gates

565
Underflow gates are vital for controlling water flow in irrigation canals. The three main types of underflow gates — vertical, radial, and drum gates — serve different purposes while ensuring effective flow management. Vertical gates move up and down, generating a free-flowing water jet; radial gates pivot to regulate the flow; and drum gates rotate for precise adjustments. The flow through these gates is influenced by downstream conditions, resulting in free or drowned outflow.Free and...
565
Design Example: Analyzing Capacity Contours for Flood Risk Assessment01:17

Design Example: Analyzing Capacity Contours for Flood Risk Assessment

391
Flood risk assessment involves careful planning and analysis to ensure the safety of communities near water retention structures. Capacity contours are a vital tool in this process, as they illustrate the potential spread of water at specific levels in a given area. In the context of building a bund across a small valley, these contours play a critical role in evaluating the safety of nearby residential areas.In this example, the bund is intended to store stormwater in the valley. The engineers...
391
Applications of Integration to Find Hydrostatic Pressure01:30

Applications of Integration to Find Hydrostatic Pressure

390
Hydrostatic force is a fluid's total force at rest on a surface. For a horizontal surface submerged at a fixed depth, the pressure is constant and calculated as the product of fluid density, gravitational acceleration, and depth. In the case of a vertical dam wall submerged in water, this force is not evenly distributed due to the increasing pressure with depth. This variation arises from the cumulative weight of the water above each point. Integration is used to account for the continuous...
390

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Easy Manipulation of Architectures in Protein-based Hydrogels for Cell Culture Applications
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工程水凝的进步

Yu Shrike Zhang1,2,3, Ali Khademhosseini4,2,3,5,6

  • 1Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
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概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

这篇评论涵盖了工程水凝的进步,重点是提高其机械强度和功能. 策略包括创新的化学,动态调制和复杂的架构用于各种应用.

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科学领域:

  • 材料科学
  • 聚合物化学
  • 生物医学工程

背景情况:

  • 在富含水的环境中由性聚合物链组成的水凝在生物医学,软电子,传感器和执行器中广泛使用.
  • 传统的水凝具有有限的机械强度和易受永久破坏.
  • 现有的水凝往往缺乏动态线索和结构复杂性,限制了它们的功能能力.

研究的目的:

  • 审查水凝设计和工程的最新进展.
  • 在多个尺度上突出精确操纵水凝属性的策略.
  • 解决传统水凝的局限性,专注于机械强度和动态功能.

主要方法:

  • 审查用于水凝开发的创新化学物质和成分.
  • 在水凝设计中整合动态调制技术.
  • 探索复杂的架构以提高水凝性能.

主要成果:

  • 与传统水凝相比,工程水凝具有更好的物理化学特性.
  • 新设计提高了机械强度,降低了易碎的可能性,并引入了动态响应.
  • 先进的架构有助于增加结构复杂性和定制功能.

结论:

  • 在具有卓越性能的水凝工程方面取得了重大进展.
  • 涉及化学,动态调制和架构的策略是克服局限性的关键.
  • 这些工程水凝为各种领域的先进应用提供了更大的潜力.