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相关概念视频

Monohybrid Crosses01:20

Monohybrid Crosses

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Overview
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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Polygenic Traits01:18

Polygenic Traits

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When more than one gene is responsible for a given phenotype, the trait is considered polygenic. Human height is a polygenic trait. Studies have uncovered hundreds of loci that influence height, and there are believed to be many more. Due to the high number of genes involved, as well as environmental and nutritional factors, height varies significantly within a given population. The distribution of height forms a bell-shaped curve, with relatively few individuals in the population at the...
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Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance01:39

Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance

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In 1866, Gregor Mendel published the results of his pea plant breeding experiments, providing evidence for predictable patterns in the inheritance of physical characteristics. The significance of his findings was not immediately recognized. In fact, the existence of genes was unknown at the time. Mendel referred to hereditary units as “factors.”
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Law of Segregation01:49

Law of Segregation

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When crossing pea plants, Mendel noticed that one of the parental traits would sometimes disappear in the first generation of offspring, called the F1 generation, and could reappear in the next generation (F2). He concluded that one of the traits must be dominant over the other, thereby causing masking of one trait in the F1 generation. When he crossed the F1 plants, he found that 75% of the offspring in the F2 generation had the dominant phenotype, while 25% had the recessive phenotype.
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Law of Independent Assortment02:03

Law of Independent Assortment

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While Mendel’s Law of Segregation states that the two alleles for one gene are separated into different gametes, a different question of how different genes are inherited remains. For example, is the gene for tall plants inherited with the gene for green peas? Mendel asked this question by experimenting with a dihybrid cross; a cross in which both parents are homozygous for two distinct traits resulting in an F1 generation that are heterozygous for both traits.
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相关实验视频

Updated: Dec 17, 2025

Functional Cloning Using a Xenopus Oocyte Expression System
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Functional Cloning Using a Xenopus Oocyte Expression System

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单基因和多基因遗传成为克隆选择的工具

Po-Ru Loh1,2, Giulio Genovese3,4,5, Steven A McCarroll6,7,8

  • 1Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. poruloh@broadinstitute.org.

Nature
|June 26, 2020
PubMed
概括

年龄相关的克隆造血,由获得的突变驱动,增加了血液癌症的风险. 与这些突变相互作用的遗传基因变异为终身血细胞生产带来挑战.

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High-throughput Screening for Protein-based Inheritance in S. cerevisiae
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Clonal Genetic Tracing using the Confetti Mouse to Study Mineralized Tissues
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Clonal Genetic Tracing using the Confetti Mouse to Study Mineralized Tissues

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相关实验视频

Last Updated: Dec 17, 2025

Functional Cloning Using a Xenopus Oocyte Expression System
09:40

Functional Cloning Using a Xenopus Oocyte Expression System

Published on: January 30, 2016

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High-throughput Screening for Protein-based Inheritance in S. cerevisiae
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High-throughput Screening for Protein-based Inheritance in S. cerevisiae

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Clonal Genetic Tracing using the Confetti Mouse to Study Mineralized Tissues
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Clonal Genetic Tracing using the Confetti Mouse to Study Mineralized Tissues

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科学领域:

  • 遗传学
  • 血液学
  • 基因组学

背景情况:

  • 随着年龄的增长常见的克隆造血,涉及体质突变的扩大血细胞,增加了血液癌症的风险.
  • 现有研究显示血液克隆的多种染色体变化,但克隆扩张的驱动因素尚不清楚.

研究的目的:

  • 识别基因,突变和生物过程,使突变血液克隆具有选择性优势.
  • 在大群体中分析获得突变和遗传遗传变异之间的关系.

主要方法:

  • 来自482,789名英国生物库参与者的基因定型数据分析.
  • 鉴定和分析19632个自体马赛克染色体变异.
  • 研究遗传变异与获得的复制中性异构性丧失 (CN-LOH) 突变之间的关联.

主要成果:

  • 在7个基因中遗传的罕见变异显著增加了具有特定CN-LOH突变的克隆造血易感性.
  • 在包括MPL,FH,NBN,MRE11,ATM,SH2B3和TM2D3在内的基因中系统地替换或复制遗传风险等位基因.
  • CN-LOH突变促进了同源染色体段的替换,增加了血液细胞增殖的多基因驱动力.

结论:

  • 遗传的基因变异与获得的突变相互作用,驱动克隆造血.
  • 涉及到DNA损伤反应 (MRE11,NBN,ATM) 和干细胞自我更新 (MPL,SH2B3) 的特定基因.
  • 遗传和获得突变之间的相互作用在整个生命中保持血细胞的生产带来了挑战.