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01:19Thomson's e/m Experiment
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In a beam of charged particles created by a heated cathode, the particles move at different speeds. However, many applications need a beam with uniform particle speeds. An arrangement known as a velocity selector uses electric and magnetic fields to pick particles with a particular speed from the beam.
A particle with charge q, speed v, and mass m enters an area from the top, where the magnetic and electric fields are perpendicular both to the particle's motion and to one another. The...
A particle with charge q, speed v, and mass m enters an area from the top, where the magnetic and electric fields are perpendicular both to the particle's motion and to one another. The...
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01:29Maxwell's Equation Of Electromagnetism
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James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879) was one of the major contributors to physics in the nineteenth century. Although he died young, he made major contributions to the development of the kinetic theory of gases, to the understanding of color vision, and to understanding the nature of Saturn's rings. He is probably best known for having combined existing knowledge on the laws of electricity and magnetism with his insights into a complete overarching electromagnetic theory, which is...
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01:28History of Microbiology
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Microbiology, a scientific field dedicated to the study of microorganisms, has undergone profound development since its inception in the 17th century. Its history is marked by key discoveries and technological advancements that have shaped our understanding of life at the microscopic level and transformed medicine, agriculture, and industry.Early Foundations of MicrobiologyThe early foundations of microbiology were built on groundbreaking observations and the development of pioneering...
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02:12The Wave Nature of Light
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The nature of light has been a subject of inquiry since antiquity. In the seventeenth century, Isaac Newton performed experiments with lenses and prisms and was able to demonstrate that white light consists of the individual colors of the rainbow combined together. Newton explained his optics findings in terms of a "corpuscular" view of light, in which light was composed of streams of extremely tiny particles traveling at high speeds according to Newton's laws of motion.
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01:09Deriving the Speed of Sound in a Liquid
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As with waves on a string, the speed of sound or a mechanical wave in a fluid depends on the fluid's elastic modulus and inertia. The two relevant physical quantities are the bulk modulus and the density of the material. Indeed, it turns out that the relationship between speed and the bulk modulus and density in fluids is the same as that between the speed and the Young's modulus and density in solids.
The speed of sound in fluids can be derived by considering a mechanical wave...
The speed of sound in fluids can be derived by considering a mechanical wave...
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00:53Second Law of Thermodynamics
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The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that entropy, or the amount of disorder in a system, increases each time energy is transferred or transformed. Each energy transfer results in a certain amount of energy that is lost—usually in the form of heat—that increases the disorder of the surroundings. This can also be demonstrated in a classic food web. Herbivores harvest chemical energy from plants and release heat and carbon dioxide into the environment. Carnivores harvest the...
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250 年后的托马斯·扬
1Andrew Robinson is the author of The Last Man Who Knew Everything (Open Book Publishers, revised edition, 2023), a biography of Thomas Young.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|June 8, 2023
概括
这种反思突显了这位极具天赋的个人的重大成就. 这位传记作家探讨了这位多才多艺的多样性和影响力.
科学领域:
- 个人资料
- 科学史
背景情况:
- 一个多才多艺的生命和工作被检查.
- 个人多样化的智力追求被注意到.
研究的目的:
- 提供一个著名人物的传记概述.
- 评估他们的贡献的范围和影响.
主要方法:
- 生物研究和分析.
- 这位多学者的出版作品和遗产的回顾.
主要成果:
- 这位多学派学者在多个学科中做出了重大贡献.
- 他们的工作表现出卓越的智力和生产力.
结论:
- 个人的遗产是深远而多方面的影响之一.
- 需要进一步研究它们的具体贡献.
