Jove
Visualize
联系我们
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
关于 JoVE
概览领导团队博客JoVE 帮助中心
作者
出版流程编辑委员会范围与政策同行评审常见问题投稿
图书馆员
用户评价订阅访问资源图书馆顾问委员会常见问题
研究
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments存档
教育
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab Manual教师资源中心教师网站
使用条款与条件
隐私政策
政策

相关概念视频

Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics01:20

Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

2.9K
The second law of thermodynamics can be stated quantitatively using the concept of entropy. Entropy is the measure of disorder of the system.
The relation  between entropy and disorder can be illustrated with the example of the phase change of ice to water. In ice, the molecules are located at specific sites giving a solid state, whereas, in a liquid form, these molecules are much freer to move. The molecular arrangement has therefore become more randomized. Although the change in average...
2.9K
Central Limit Theorem01:14

Central Limit Theorem

15.4K
The central limit theorem, abbreviated as clt, is one of the most powerful and useful ideas in all of statistics. The central limit theorem for sample means says that if you repeatedly draw samples of a given size and calculate their means, and create a histogram of those means, then the resulting histogram will tend to have an approximate normal bell shape. In other words, as sample sizes increase, the distribution of means follows the normal distribution more closely.
The sample size, n, that...
15.4K
Entropy02:39

Entropy

30.4K
Salt particles that have dissolved in water never spontaneously come back together in solution to reform solid particles. Moreover, a gas that has expanded in a vacuum remains dispersed and never spontaneously reassembles. The unidirectional nature of these phenomena is the result of a thermodynamic state function called entropy (S). Entropy is the measure of the extent to which the energy is dispersed throughout a system, or in other words, it is proportional to the degree of disorder of a...
30.4K
Third Law of Thermodynamics02:38

Third Law of Thermodynamics

19.1K
A pure, perfectly crystalline solid possessing no kinetic energy (that is, at a temperature of absolute zero, 0 K) may be described by a single microstate, as its purity, perfect crystallinity,and complete lack of motion means there is but one possible location for each identical atom or molecule comprising the crystal (W = 1). According to the Boltzmann equation, the entropy of this system is zero.
19.1K
Second Law of Thermodynamics02:49

Second Law of Thermodynamics

24.0K
In the quest to identify a property that may reliably predict the spontaneity of a process, a promising candidate has been identified: entropy. Processes that involve an increase in entropy of the system (ΔS > 0) are very often spontaneous; however, examples to the contrary are plentiful. By expanding consideration of entropy changes to include the surroundings, a significant conclusion regarding the relation between this property and spontaneity may be reached. In thermodynamic...
24.0K
The Uncertainty Principle04:08

The Uncertainty Principle

23.5K
Werner Heisenberg considered the limits of how accurately one can measure properties of an electron or other microscopic particles. He determined that there is a fundamental limit to how accurately one can measure both a particle’s position and its momentum simultaneously. The more accurate the measurement of the momentum of a particle is known, the less accurate the position at that time is known and vice versa. This is what is now called the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. He...
23.5K

您也可能阅读

相关文章

通过共同作者、期刊和引用图与本文相关的文章。

排序
Same author

Quantum higher-order Fourier analysis and the Clifford hierarchy.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025
Same author

Magic Resource Can Enhance the Quantum Capacity of Channels.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Sub-nanometre quality X-ray mirrors created using ion beam figuring.

Journal of synchrotron radiation·2024
Same author

Mixed stitching interferometry with correction from one-dimensional profile measurements for high-precision X-ray mirrors.

Optics express·2023
Same author

Resource theory of quantum scrambling.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2023
Same author

XDMOM: A Real-Time Moving Object Detection System Based on a Dual-Spectrum Camera.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2022
Same journal

Tau protein as a regulator of mitochondrial function and dynamics.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

A scalable, dividing cell model for the robust propagation and quantification of human sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease prions.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Epigenetic regulation of mesenchymal BMP signaling directs postnatal organ innervation.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Single-shot wide-field biochemical imaging at 1 kHz frame rate.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Morphogenesis and topological evolution of a frustrated nematic liquid crystal under confinement.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

B cell-intrinsic CXCR3 drives efficient generation of ectopic pulmonary germinal center responses to influenza A virus infection.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
查看所有相关文章

相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 26, 2025

Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit
05:30

Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit

Published on: September 8, 2023

607

量子和中央极限定理

Kaifeng Bu1, Weichen Gu2, Arthur Jaffe1,3

  • 1Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|June 12, 2023
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

我们为使用量子位的离散变量量子系统提出了一个新的框架,引入了一个平均状态 (MS) 和一个新的卷积. 这个框架揭示了最大的原理和量子卷积热力学定律.

关键词:
中央极限定理是这样的.卷积的卷积 卷积的卷积进入的过程中,

更多相关视频

Quantification of Information Encoded by Gene Expression Levels During Lifespan Modulation Under Broad-range Dietary Restriction in C. elegans
09:23

Quantification of Information Encoded by Gene Expression Levels During Lifespan Modulation Under Broad-range Dietary Restriction in C. elegans

Published on: August 16, 2017

8.2K
Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
09:23

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Published on: May 30, 2014

14.6K

相关实验视频

Last Updated: Jul 26, 2025

Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit
05:30

Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit

Published on: September 8, 2023

607
Quantification of Information Encoded by Gene Expression Levels During Lifespan Modulation Under Broad-range Dietary Restriction in C. elegans
09:23

Quantification of Information Encoded by Gene Expression Levels During Lifespan Modulation Under Broad-range Dietary Restriction in C. elegans

Published on: August 16, 2017

8.2K
Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
09:23

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Published on: May 30, 2014

14.6K

科学领域:

  • 量子信息理论 量子信息理论
  • 量子计算是一种量子计算.
  • 离散变量量子系统是一个离散变量量子系统.

背景情况:

  • 量子系统通常使用连续变量来描述,但离散变量 (DV) 系统提供了独特的优势.
  • 研究DV量子系统,特别是基于量子位的量子系统,需要专门的理论框架.
  • 现有的方法可能无法完全捕捉基于qudit的系统的独特特性和行为.

研究的目的:

  • 引入一种新的理论框架,用于分析使用量子数据的离散变量量子系统.
  • 定义和探索关键概念,如平均状态 (MS),最小稳定器投射状态 (MSPS) 和新的卷积运算.
  • 建立管理这些DV量子系统及其运行的基本原则和法律.

主要方法:

  • 开发一个新的基于量子的数学框架.
  • 介绍了平均状态 (MS) 和最小稳定器投射状态 (MSPS) 的概念.
  • 对DV系统的新型量子卷积操作的定义和应用.
  • 使用新卷积方法分析量子和费舍尔信息.
  • 建立一个中央极限定理,用于量子状态的代卷积.

主要成果:

  • 平均状态 (MS) 被确定为最接近给定状态的MSPS,证明了"DV系统中的最大原理".
  • 导出了"量子卷积的热力学第二定律",它为量子和费舍尔信息提供了不等式.
  • 两个稳定器状态的卷积被证明是稳定器状态.
  • 中央极限定理表明,一个零-平均量子状态的代卷积趋于其MS,并率是由"魔术间隙"决定的.

结论:

  • 引入的框架为理解DV量子系统和基于量子的信息处理提供了强大的工具.
  • 发现的原理,包括最大的原理和量子卷积的第二定律,为量子热力学和信息提供了新的见解.
  • 该框架及其相关的概念,如魔法间隙,适用于实际的量子设备,如DV光束分割器和放大器.