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相关概念视频

Enzymes02:34

Enzymes

82.0K
Inside living organisms, enzymes act as catalysts for many biochemical reactions involved in cellular metabolism. The role of enzymes is to reduce the activation energies of biochemical reactions by forming complexes with its substrates. The lowering of activation energies favor an increase in the rates of biochemical reactions.
Enzyme deficiencies can often translate into life-threatening diseases. For example, a genetic abnormality resulting in the deficiency of the enzyme G6PD...
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Enzyme Kinetics01:19

Enzyme Kinetics

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Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy of the reactants. The speed at which the enzyme turns reactants into products is called the rate of reaction. Several factors impact the rate of reaction, including the number of available reactants. Enzyme kinetics is the study of how an enzyme changes the rate of a reaction.
Scientists typically study enzyme kinetics with a fixed amount of enzyme in the controlled environment of a test tube. When more reactant, or substrate, is...
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Introduction to Mechanisms of Enzyme Catalysis01:13

Introduction to Mechanisms of Enzyme Catalysis

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For many years, scientists thought that enzyme-substrate binding took place in a simple "lock-and-key" fashion. This model stated that the enzyme and substrate fit together perfectly in one instantaneous step. However, current research supports a more refined view scientists call induced fit. The induced-fit model expands upon the lock-and-key model by describing a more dynamic interaction between enzyme and substrate. As the enzyme and substrate come together, their interaction causes...
8.3K
Introduction to Enzyme Kinetics01:19

Introduction to Enzyme Kinetics

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Enzyme kinetics studies the rates of biochemical reactions. Scientists monitor the reaction rates for a particular enzymatic reaction at various substrate concentrations. Additional trials with inhibitors or other molecules that affect the reaction rate may also be performed.
The experimenter can then plot the initial reaction rate or velocity (Vo) of a given trial against the substrate concentration ([S]) to obtain a graph of the reaction properties. For many enzymatic reactions involving a...
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Introduction to Enzymes01:22

Introduction to Enzymes

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The use of enzymes by humans dates to 7000 BCE. Humans first used enzymes to ferment sugars and produce alcohol without knowing that this was an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. Wilhelm Kuhne coined the term 'enzyme' in 1877 from the Greek words ‘en’ meaning ‘in’ or ‘within’ and ‘zyme’ meaning ‘yeast.’
Most enzymes are proteins that speed up biochemical reactions without being consumed. Enzymes contain one or more active sites that...
18.8K
Catalytically Perfect Enzymes01:07

Catalytically Perfect Enzymes

4.0K
The theory of catalytically perfect enzymes was first proposed by W.J. Albery and J. R. Knowles in 1976. These enzymes catalyze biochemical reactions at high-speed. Their catalytic efficiency values range from 108-109 M-1s-1. These enzymes are also called 'diffusion-controlled' as the only rate-limiting step in the catalysis is that of the substrate diffusion into the active site. Examples include triose phosphate isomerase, fumarase, and superoxide dismutase.
 
Most enzymes...
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 26, 2025

Defining Substrate Specificities for Lipase and Phospholipase Candidates
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Published on: November 23, 2016

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深入的序列功能表征揭示了增强酶活性的多种途径.

Vikas D Trivedi1, Todd C Chappell1, Naveen B Krishna2

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, USA 02155.

ACS catalysis
|June 16, 2023
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

深度突变扫描 (DMS) 揭示了改善氨氨酸氨基酶 (PAL) 酶工程的关键突变. 计算分析确定了稳定中间体和增强基质扩散等机制,以提高酶活性.

关键词:
亲爱的 亲爱的 亲爱的在PKU中,PKU是PKU.QM/MM QM/MM QM/MM QM/MM QM/MM QM/MM QM/MM QM/MM QM/MM QM/MM QM/MM QM/MM QM/MM QM/MM深度突变扫描 (deep mutational scanning) 是一种对突变进行深度扫描的方法.指导进化是指导进化的.分子动力学分子动力学氨氨酸氨基酶是什么?基尿症的现象 基尿症的现象

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科学领域:

  • 生物化学和分子生物学
  • 酶工程是什么? 酶工程是什么?
  • 蛋白质科学 蛋白质科学

背景情况:

  • 深度突变扫描 (DMS) 是蛋白质序列功能研究的强大工具.
  • 氨氨酶 (PAL) 在合成,农业和医学方面有应用,特别是在治疗基尿症 (PKU) 中.
  • 由于未知的序列决定因素和催化循环限制,PAL酶的理性工程受到阻碍.

研究的目的:

  • 展示DMS作为酶工程和改善催化循环的指南.
  • 为 *Anabaena variabilis* PAL (AvPAL*) 创建一个详细的序列功能景观.
  • 确定增强AvPAL*活动的突变,并了解它们的机制基础.

主要方法:

  • 深度突变扫描 (DMS) 用于绘制蛋白质序列功能关系.
  • 由DMS健身数据指导的单点和多点和突变发生.
  • 量子力学/分子力学 (QM/MM) 和分子动力学 (MD) 模拟用于机械洞察力.

主要成果:

  • 一个AvPAL*的序列功能景观,在79个位点揭示了112个有益突变.
  • 鉴定突变组合增强酶动力学在体外和体内.
  • 对有益突变的机制理解,包括过渡状态的稳定和改善基质/产品动态.

结论:

  • 通过识别有益的突变,DMS有效地指导酶工程.
  • 联合DMS和计算分析阐明了酶改善的机制.
  • 这种方法通过各种策略来增强酶活性,例如稳定中间体和优化活性位点动态.