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相关概念视频

Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

19.2K
Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
19.2K
Phase Diagram01:19

Phase Diagram

5.9K
The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).
5.9K
Entropy Change in Reversible Processes01:10

Entropy Change in Reversible Processes

2.6K
In the Carnot engine, which achieves the maximum efficiency between two reservoirs of fixed temperatures, the total change in entropy is zero. The observation can be generalized by considering any reversible cyclic process consisting of many Carnot cycles. Thus, it can be stated that the total entropy change of any ideal reversible cycle is zero.
The statement can be further generalized to prove that entropy is a state function. Take a cyclic process between any two points on a p-V diagram.
2.6K
Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

12.5K
Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
12.5K
Phase Changes01:19

Phase Changes

4.4K
Phase transitions play an important theoretical and practical role in the study of heat flow. In melting or fusion, a solid turns into a liquid; the opposite process is freezing. In evaporation, a liquid turns into a gas; the opposite process is condensation.
A substance melts or freezes at a temperature called its melting point and boils or condenses at its boiling point. These temperatures depend on pressure. High pressure favors the denser form of the substance, so typically, high pressure...
4.4K
Phase Diagrams02:39

Phase Diagrams

41.9K
A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
41.9K

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Updated: Jul 26, 2025

Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets
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Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets

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测量诱导的相位转换的交叉透基准.

Yaodong Li1,2, Yijian Zou2, Paolo Glorioso2

  • 1Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA.

Physical review letters
|June 16, 2023
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

线性交叉测量量子系统中的纠,区分体积法和面积法相. 这种方法允许实验访问测量诱导的相位过渡,而无需后期选择.

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Author Spotlight: Alignment of Synchronized Time-Series Data Using the Characterizing Loss of Cell Cycle Synchrony Model for Cross-Experiment Comparisons
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科学领域:

  • 量子信息科学 量子信息科学
  • 凝聚物质物理学 凝聚物质物理学

背景情况:

  • 测量诱导的相变 (MIP) 是量子信息中的一个关键现象.
  • 描述这些转变通常需要对量子轨迹进行后选择,这在实验上具有挑战性.
  • 线性交叉 (Lχ) 已被提议作为MIP的潜在顺序参数.

研究的目的:

  • 调查使用线性交叉 (Lχ) 作为测量诱导相变的顺序参数.
  • 开发一个无选择后的实验协议,用于访问MIPs.
  • 探索噪音对MIP检测的影响.

主要方法:

  • 使用两个随机量子电路具有相同的散量,但不同的初始状态.
  • 在批量测量结果分布之间计算线性交叉 (Lχ).
  • 采用混合量子-经典方法来有效采样Lχ.
  • 数字模拟克利福德电路以估计采样复杂性.

主要成果:

  • 线性交叉 (Lχ) 有效地区分了体积法和面积法相.
  • 在体积定律阶段,Lχ接近1,表示无法区分的状态.
  • 在区域法阶段,Lχ小于1.
  • 对于克利福德电路,Lχ可以从O(1/ε2) 轨迹中以精度ε取样.
  • 对于中等系统大小,MIP签名在弱去极化噪声下持续存在.

结论:

  • 线性交叉作为测量诱导的相变的可行后选择无序参数.
  • 拟议的混合量子-经典协议为实验验证提供了一个有效的途径.
  • 对于MIP的噪声信号的稳定性表明,在近期设备中有可能进行实验观测.