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相关概念视频

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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Certain biochemical processes, such as embryonic development and cell growth regulation, depend on the repression of specific genes. DNA binding proteins known as eukaryotic transcription inhibitors regulate the repression of gene expression in eukaryotes. The presence of these inhibitors at the required location and time in the cell is triggered by the presence of hormones and additional signals from other cells.
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LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
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DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 21, 2025

Toxicological Assays for Testing Effects of an Epigenetic Drug on Development, Fecundity and Survivorship of Malaria Mosquitoes
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POGZ抑制了2C转录程序和可逆转录的元素.

Xiaoyun Sun1, Tianzhe Zhang2, Bei Tong1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China.

Cell reports
|July 26, 2023
PubMed
概括

POGZ基因对于维持小鼠胚胎干细胞 (ESC) 的关键是通过沉默内源逆转录病毒和Dux. 它的功能障碍导致神经发育障碍 (NDD),如自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD).

关键词:
CP: 发育生物学

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科学领域:

  • 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
  • 发展生物学 发展生物学
  • 表观遗传学 在表观遗传学中,表观遗传学是指表观遗传学.

背景情况:

  • POGZ基因的突变与神经发育障碍 (NDD) 有关,包括自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 和智力障碍 (ID).
  • 以前的研究表明POGZ在维持小鼠胚胎干细胞 (ESC) 中的作用,但根本机制尚未完全理解.

研究的目的:

  • 阐明POGZ维持小鼠胚胎干细胞 (ESC) 稳定性的精确机制.
  • 调查POGZ在ESCs中调节Dux和内源逆转录病毒 (ERV) 的作用.

主要方法:

  • 染色体免疫沉 (ChIP) 试验用于评估在Dux和ERV位置的基因组修饰 (H3K9me3/H4K20me3).
  • 定量PCR (qPCR) 用于测量Dux,ERV和相关基因的转录水平.
  • 对POGZ与表观遗传调节器TRIM28和SETDB1.1相互作用的分析.

主要成果:

  • 在ESC中,POGZ通过招募TRIM28和SETDB1来使Dux和内源逆转录病毒 (ERV) 沉默,保持异色状态.
  • 丢失POGZ导致H3K9me3 / H4K20me3水平降低,导致2C转录的上调和过渡到类似2C的ESC状态.
  • POGZ抑制了包括IAPEy和MERVL在内的各种ERV类,其失调可以激活附近的神经疾病基因,如Serpina3m.

结论:

  • 通过Dux和ERV的表观遗传沉默,POGZ对于ESC维护至关重要.
  • POGZ功能障碍破坏ESC的稳定性,并与NDDs的发病有关.
  • 了解POGZ的调节作用,可以了解与POGZ突变相关的疾病机制.