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相关概念视频

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:10

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.5K
Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the reaction proceeds via a free-radical intermediate. The free radical is formed from radical initiators, which spontaneously generate free radicals by homolytic fission. Organic peroxides (such as dibenzoyl peroxide, as shown in Figure 1) or azo compounds are popular radical initiators. A low concentration ratio of radical initiator to monomer is...
2.5K
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:09

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.6K
The radical chain-growth polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination of polymerization. The polymerization initiates when a free radical generated from the radical initiator adds to the unsaturated bond in the monomer. The unpaired electron of the free radical and one π electron in the unsaturated bond creates a σ bond between the free radical and the monomer. As a result, the other π electron in the unsaturated bond converts this...
2.6K
Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes02:35

Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes

7.9K
The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
7.9K
Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.4K
The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
2.4K
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching01:17

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching

2.0K
The skeletal structure of polymers synthesized via radical polymerization is always branched. For example, the polymerization of ethylene by radical polymerization results in a low-density grade of polyethylene with a heavily branched skeletal structure. Here, the radical site abstracts hydrogen from the growing chain, and the radical site shifts from the end (a primary carbon center) to anywhere within the growing chain (a secondary carbon center). Consequently, the part of the chain from the...
2.0K
Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview01:26

Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview

2.4K
Electrocyclic reactions are reversible reactions. They involve an intramolecular cyclization or ring-opening of a conjugated polyene. Shown below are two examples of electrocyclic reactions. In the first reaction, the formation of the cyclic product is favored. In contrast, in the second reaction, ring-opening is favored due to the high ring strain associated with cyclobutene formation.
2.4K

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 21, 2025

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst
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Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst

Published on: April 22, 2016

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通过接触电气化实现的三基化学控制的原子转移激进聚合.

Chen Wang1, Ruoqing Zhao1, Wenru Fan1

  • 1Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics & Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)
|July 28, 2023
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

这项研究引入了使用接触电催化 (CEC) 与氧化进行的受 tribochemically 控制的原子转移激素聚合 (tribo-ATRP). 这种方法避免了高能刺激,使得高精度的聚合物合成能够得到控制.

关键词:
原子转移激进聚合方式联系电气化 联系电气化摩擦 摩擦是一种摩擦.机械化学 机械化学氧化是什么?氧化是什么?

更多相关视频

3D Printing and In Situ Surface Modification via Type I Photoinitiated Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization
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3D Printing and In Situ Surface Modification via Type I Photoinitiated Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization

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Ethylene Polymerizations Using Parallel Pressure Reactors and a Kinetic Analysis of Chain Transfer Polymerization
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Ethylene Polymerizations Using Parallel Pressure Reactors and a Kinetic Analysis of Chain Transfer Polymerization

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相关实验视频

Last Updated: Jul 21, 2025

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst
06:49

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst

Published on: April 22, 2016

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3D Printing and In Situ Surface Modification via Type I Photoinitiated Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization
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3D Printing and In Situ Surface Modification via Type I Photoinitiated Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization

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Ethylene Polymerizations Using Parallel Pressure Reactors and a Kinetic Analysis of Chain Transfer Polymerization
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Ethylene Polymerizations Using Parallel Pressure Reactors and a Kinetic Analysis of Chain Transfer Polymerization

Published on: November 27, 2015

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科学领域:

  • 聚合物化学 聚合物化学
  • 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
  • 物理化学 物理化学

背景情况:

  • 传统的机械化学聚合方法 (RDRP) 使用高能超声波或球磨.
  • 这些高能刺激往往导致不良的副作用,限制了对聚合物的控制.
  • 存在对更温和,更可控的聚合技术的需求.

研究的目的:

  • 开发一种新的,低能耗的方法,用于可控的激素聚合.
  • 通过接触电催化 (CEC) 调查由 tribochemically 控制的原子转移基聚合 (tribo-ATRP) 的可行性.
  • 使用这种新方法来证明具有受控分子量和低分散性的聚合物的合成.

主要方法:

  • 使用的氧化 (TiO 2) 颗粒和CuBr 2 /tris(2-pyridylmethylamine (TPMA) 用于接触电催化 (CEC).
  • 使用机械来诱导摩擦,在TiO粒子上产生电荷.
  • 使用理论模拟研究了摩擦频率对电子转移的影响.

主要成果:

  • 在引摩擦下,CEC在TiO2和催化剂系统之间成功演示了CEC启用的tribo-ATRP.
  • 通过电子转移展示了活性催化剂物种 (CuBr/TPMA) 的持续再生.
  • 实现了各种聚合物的合成,具有预先确定的分子量,低分散性和高链末忠实性.

结论:

  • 对于传统的机械化学聚合物,Tribo-ATRP提供了一个简单且低能耗的替代方案.
  • 在轻度摩擦条件下,CEC可有效控制激进聚合.
  • 这种方法为可持续和精确的聚合物合成开辟了新的途径.