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相关概念视频

Mutations01:39

Mutations

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Overview
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Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

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The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
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RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

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Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
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Translation01:31

Translation

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Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...
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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

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Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
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在癌症中非编码RNA突变.

Honghong Zhou1, Xinpei Hao1,2, Peng Zhang1

  • 1Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Center for Big Data Research in Health, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. RNA
|August 6, 2023
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

非编码RNA的遗传变异在癌症发展中起着至关重要的作用. 长非编码RNAs (lncRNAs) 和microRNAs (miRNAs) 的突变可能导致癌症倾向和进展.

关键词:
癌症 癌症 癌症 癌症 癌症遗传变异是一种遗传变异.细菌线的生殖线突变是一种突变.没有编码的RNAs.身体突变是一种体质突变.

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Visualizing Genetic Variants, Short Targets, and Point Mutations in the Morphological Tissue Context with an RNA In Situ Hybridization Assay
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科学领域:

  • 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
  • 分子生物学分子生物学
  • 在瘤学瘤学.

背景情况:

  • 癌症是由于遗传 (生殖线) 和获得 (体质) DNA 的遗传变化而产生的.
  • 研究历来专注于蛋白质编码基因,但非编码区域越来越多地被认为在癌症中的作用.
  • 非编码RNA,包括长非编码RNA (lncRNA) 和微RNA (miRNA),是基因表达的关键调节者.

研究的目的:

  • 探索非编码RNA中的遗传变异在癌症发病和发展中的意义.
  • 审查 lncRNAs 和 miRNAs 中的生殖线和体质突变如何导致癌症倾向和进展.
  • 突出研究非编码基因组对理解癌症复杂遗传网络的日益重要.

主要方法:

  • 对关联研究的审查,包括全基因组关联研究 (GWAS),以确定非编码RNA基因和调控区域的遗传变异.
  • 分析全外基因组和全基因组测序数据,比较癌症和正常组织,以检测非编码RNA中的体质突变.
  • 在和实验方法研究突变对RNA结构,表达和功能的影响.

主要成果:

  • 在lncRNA和miRNA基因/区域中的生殖系变异 (SNP,indels) 通过改变RNA结构,表达和标识别,与癌症倾向有关.
  • 身体突变,包括突变热点和拷贝数变化,在与瘤相关的非编码RNA中被发现.
  • 非编码RNA中的这些遗传变化显著影响癌症的发展和进展.

结论:

  • 非编码RNA的遗传变异是癌症的重要驱动因素.
  • 了解lncRNAs和miRNAs中的突变为癌症病因和潜在的治疗点提供了新的见解.
  • 非编码基因组是癌症研究的关键前沿,揭示了癌症发病背后的复杂遗传网络.