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相关概念视频

Language Development01:22

Language Development

393
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
393
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

367
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
367
Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

278
Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
278
Purposive Learning01:22

Purposive Learning

135
E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a...
135

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相关实验视频

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Author Spotlight: Investigating the Impact of Emotional Prosodies on Voice Recognition and Perception
05:48

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隐式学习和语音识别中的个人差异:一项探索性研究

Ranin Khayr1, Hanin Karawani1, Karen Banai1

  • 1Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.

Frontiers in psychology
|September 25, 2023
PubMed
概括

隐式学习在杂或快节奏的环境中显著影响语音识别. 统计学学习独特地有利于识别退化的语音,而所有学习类型都有助于快速理解语音.

科学领域:

  • 认知心理学 认知心理学
  • 听觉神经科学 听觉神经科学
  • 语音科学 语言科学

背景情况:

  • 语音识别存在显著的个体差异,特别是在具有挑战性的听觉条件下.
  • 隐式学习,即无意识地获取信息,被假设是影响这种变化的关键因素.

研究的目的:

  • 调查三种隐性学习指数 (感知,统计,偶然) 对识别具有挑战性的语言的独特贡献.
  • 确定这些学习类型如何独特地影响自然快速,语音编码和语音噪音刺激的识别.

主要方法:

  • 在51名年轻成年人中评估了三个隐性学习指数,三个具有挑战性的语言类型和认知因素 (词汇,工作记忆,注意力).
  • 采用统计建模来分离每个学习指数对语音识别表现的独特贡献.

主要成果:

  • 发现这三个隐性学习指数之间没有相关性.
  • 所有的学习指数都为识别自然快速语音作出了独特的贡献.
  • 只有统计学学习有助于在噪音和语音编码语音中识别语音.

结论:

  • 隐式学习在识别具有挑战性的语言方面发挥着作用,但其影响取决于具体的语言挑战.
关键词:
隐式学习是一种隐式的学习.偶然的学习是偶然的学习.个人差异是个人的差异.感知学习 感知学习语音识别 语音识别 语言识别统计学学习的学习.

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  • 统计学学习对于理解受损的语音信号 (例如噪音,语音编码) 显得尤为重要.