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相关概念视频

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal crystal...
Scanning Electron Microscopy01:07

Scanning Electron Microscopy

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to study the surface features of a sample by using an electron beam that scans the sample surface in a two-dimensional manner. Typically, areas between ~1 centimeter to 5 micrometers in width can be imaged. SEM can be used to image bacteria, viruses, tissues as well as larger samples like insects. Conventional SEM gives a magnification ranging from 20X to 30,000X and spatial resolution of 50 to 100 nanometers.
Fundamental Principles
Accelerated...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
The atomizer used in AAS can be either a flame atomizer or an...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy  (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used.
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab01:29

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Biochemical and Structural Characterization of the Carbohydrate Transport Substrate-binding-protein SP0092
08:53

Biochemical and Structural Characterization of the Carbohydrate Transport Substrate-binding-protein SP0092

Published on: October 2, 2017

在ELI Beamlines进行样本表征的X射线光谱站.

A Zymaková1, M Precek2, A Picchiotti2,3

  • 1ELI Beamlines Facility, The Extreme Light Infrastructure ERIC, Za Radnicí 835, 25241, Dolní Břežany, Czech Republic. anna.zymakova@eli-beams.eu.

Scientific reports
|October 12, 2023
PubMed
概括

开发了一个新的X射线发射光谱站,提高了液体和粉末样本的精度. 这一进步增强了X射线光谱在各种科学领域的应用.

更多相关视频

Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples
10:12

Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples

Published on: June 19, 2018

Fully Autonomous Characterization and Data Collection from Crystals of Biological Macromolecules
07:11

Fully Autonomous Characterization and Data Collection from Crystals of Biological Macromolecules

Published on: March 22, 2019

相关实验视频

Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Biochemical and Structural Characterization of the Carbohydrate Transport Substrate-binding-protein SP0092
08:53

Biochemical and Structural Characterization of the Carbohydrate Transport Substrate-binding-protein SP0092

Published on: October 2, 2017

Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples
10:12

Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples

Published on: June 19, 2018

Fully Autonomous Characterization and Data Collection from Crystals of Biological Macromolecules
07:11

Fully Autonomous Characterization and Data Collection from Crystals of Biological Macromolecules

Published on: March 22, 2019

科学领域:

  • 原子和分子物理 原子和分子物理
  • 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
  • 同步子辐射科学科学

背景情况:

  • 射线光谱是具有广泛应用的关键分析技术.
  • 现有的X射线发射光谱 (XES) 装置中的波长分散光谱仪面临测量不确定性,原因是样品位置依赖的能量校准.

研究的目的:

  • 在极光基础设施光束线设施中引入一个新的X射线发射光谱站.
  • 提高XES测量的精度和可靠性,特别是对于包括液体在内的各种样品类型.
  • 解决和减轻XES能源校准中的不确定性来源.

主要方法:

  • 在XES仪器上使用了·哈莫斯的几何.
  • 实施了一种新的双摄像头系统,用于精确控制源位置.
  • 开发了一种直接的能量校准程序,用于液体和粉末样本,使用薄膜参考.
  • 演示了碰撞喷气液体样本输送系统的使用.

主要成果:

  • 首次成功地对液化K3Fe (CN) 6和粉末/液化FeNH4 (SO4) 2.4.2的Kα线进行了实验性确定.
  • 验证了一种可靠的源位置控制方法,减少校准不确定性.
  • 建立了一个可靠的能量校准程序,适用于各种样品状态 (液体,粉末).
  • 展示了使用先进的输送系统对液体样本进行现场XES分析的可行性.

结论:

  • 新的XES站为分析包括液体在内的各种样品类型提供了更高的准确性和可靠性.
  • 开发的源位置控制和校准方法有效地降低了测量不确定性.
  • 这种仪器提高了XES现场研究的能力,为研究开辟了新的途径.