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相关概念视频

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T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Overview of Cell Signaling01:23

Overview of Cell Signaling

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Despite the protective membrane that separates a cell from the environment, cells need the ability to detect and respond to environmental changes. Additionally, cells often need to communicate with one another. Unicellular and multicellular organisms use a variety of cell signaling mechanisms to communicate with the environment.
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Cell Lines01:16

Cell Lines

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A cell line is a population of cells grown in vitro that can be subcultured over several generations. Normal cells cease to divide after a certain number of cell divisions, a process known as replicative senescence. This number, called the Hayflick limit, was conceptualized by Leonard Hayflick in 1961 when he observed that fetal cells grown in culture could only divide 40-60 times. This limit is due to the shortening of the telomeres during each round of cell division, preventing cell division...
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Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are pivotal to multicellularity and the coordinated functioning of tissues and organ systems. They enable physical interactions between cells and provide mechanical strength to tissues. They also function as receptors for signal transmission across the plasma membrane. The CAMs are broadly classified into four families - integrins, cadherins, selectins, and immunoglobulin-like CAMs (IgCAMs).
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Hormones—or any molecule that binds to a receptor, known as a ligand—that are lipid-insoluble (water-soluble) are not able to diffuse across the cell membrane. In order to be able to affect a cell without entering it, these hormones bind to receptors on the cell membrane. When a first messenger, a hormone, binds to a receptor, a signal cascade is set off, causing second messengers, proteins inside the cell, to become activated, resulting in downstream effects.
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The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.
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相关实验视频

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Droplet Barcoding-Based Single Cell Transcriptomics of Adult Mammalian Tissues
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单元格类型注释 (ACT):一个方便的网络服务器用于单元格类型注释.

Fei Quan1, Xin Liang1, Mingjiang Cheng1

  • 1College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China.

Genome medicine
|November 4, 2023
PubMed
概括

手动的单元类型注释是缓慢的,需要专业知识. 我们开发了ACT,一个使用精选标记图和新型基因组丰富方法的Web服务器,以快速准确地识别单细胞测序数据中的细胞类型.

关键词:
细胞类型的注释.细胞类型丰富方法.易于使用的Web服务器.一个分层组织的标记地图.单细胞RNA测序的一个细胞.

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科学领域:

  • 基因组学就是基因组学.
  • 生物信息学是一种生物信息学.
  • 计算生物学 计算生物学

背景情况:

  • 单细胞测序推进了生物研究,但却产生了大量的数据集.
  • 准确的细胞类型注释对于解释这些数据集至关重要.
  • 目前的手动注释方法耗时,需要专业知识.

研究的目的:

  • 在单细胞数据中开发一种自动化和高效的细胞类型注释方法.
  • 创建一个用户友好的工具,克服手动注释的局限性.
  • 加速对大规模单细胞数据集的分析和解释.

主要方法:

  • 从广泛的文献策划中构建了一个层次化的细胞标记地图 (约. 7000 个出版物).
  • 开发了WISE (权重和综合基因组丰富),一种新的方法,将标记物流行率和基因表达顺序集成在一起.
  • 将标记图和WISE集成到一个名为ACT (自动化细胞类型注释) 的Web服务器中.

主要成果:

  • 该ACT网络服务器提供交互式等级图和统计信息从一个简单的基因列表输入.
  • 在基准分析中,ACT与最先进的方法相比表现优越.
  • 案例研究表明,ACT快速准确地注释了细胞群,识别了多层次细胞类型.

结论:

  • ACT提供了一个强大的,基于知识的资源和一个直观的图形界面用于细胞类型注释.
  • 这种工具在单细胞研究中显著加快了细胞类型的识别.
  • 预计ACT将成为单细胞基因组学领域广泛采用的工具.