在自动驾驶汽车困境中探索道德算法偏好:一个经验研究
1Department of Philosophy, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Frontiers in psychology
|December 13, 2023
概括
参与者更喜欢用于自动驾驶汽车 (AV) 的混合伦理算法,平衡自我牺牲和减少伤害. 许多被拒绝的AV优先考虑了业主安全 (自私) 或要求自我牺牲 (效用主义).
科学领域:
- 人工智能中的伦理学
- 人与计算机的交互
- 自动驾驶汽车技术自动驾驶汽车技术
背景情况:
- 自动驾驶汽车 (AV) 提出了复杂的伦理挑战,特别是在编程决策算法方面.
- "托利车问题"强调了需要基于AV的伦理原则的道德算法.
- 了解公众对AV道德算法的看法对于开发和采用至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估公众对中国AV不同伦理算法的倾向.
- 调查参与者对功利主义,罗尔斯主义,自我主义和混合方法的偏好.
- 分析影响自动驾驶汽车购买决策的伦理考虑.
主要方法:
- 在中国,对460名参与者进行了一项根据约书亚·格林 (Joshua Greene) 的电车困境进行的在线调查.
- 参与者对场景做出回应,使用"是"/"否"选项进行选择,并使用利克特尺度进行道德接受.
- 这项研究评估了对四种不同的算法策略的偏好:功利主义,罗尔斯主义,自我主义和混合方法.
主要成果:
- 在AV设计和购买决策的偏好之间观察到显著的差异.
- 超过50%的参与者不愿意购买具有"自私"算法 (优先考虑所有者安全) 的自动驾驶汽车.
- "自私"和"功利主义" (要求自我牺牲) 的拒绝率显著相似.
结论:
- 一个混合的伦理算法,平衡功利主义和利己主义,获得了最高的认可.
- 平衡自我牺牲和危害最小化是开发可接受的AV道德算法的关键.
- 这些发现对于自动驾驶汽车技术的伦理和实际进步至关重要.
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