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相关概念视频

Polymers: Molecular Weight Distribution01:10

Polymers: Molecular Weight Distribution

For any given polymer, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is higher than, if not equal to, the number average molecular weight (Mn). The only situation in which the weight average molecular weight and the number average molecular weight are equal is when a polymer consists only of chains with equal molecular weight. However, this never happens in a synthetic polymer, since it is difficult to control the polymerization process up to a molecular level with accuracy to a hundred percent.
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism01:21

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism

Polymorphism refers to the existence of a drug substance in multiple crystalline forms, known as polymorphs. Recently, this term has been expanded to include solvates (forms containing a solvent), amorphous forms (non-crystalline forms), and desolvated solvates (forms from which the solvent has been removed).
Some polymorphic crystals possess lower aqueous solubility than their amorphous counterparts, leading to incomplete absorption. For instance, the oral suspension of Chloramphenicol, which...
Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence01:27

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence

Changes in polymorphic forms can significantly influence the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Although the FDA defines pharmaceutical equivalence based on having the same active ingredient, dosage form, and route of administration, it does not automatically disqualify products with different polymorphic forms. This means two products with different polymorphs can still be deemed pharmaceutically equivalent. However, polymorphic differences can affect properties like wettability,...
Methods of Classification and Identification01:28

Methods of Classification and Identification

Bacterial identification relies on a diverse array of techniques to classify and understand microorganisms, each tailored to uncover specific characteristics. Traditional morphological approaches, while still valuable, are limited for closely related or structurally simple organisms. Modern methods integrate biochemical, serological, genetic, and advanced molecular tools to achieve greater accuracy.Morphological and Biochemical TechniquesMorphological characteristics, such as cell shape and...
Modern Molecular Taxonomy01:29

Modern Molecular Taxonomy

Advancements in molecular biology have revolutionized the identification and characterization of bacteria, with multiple methods leveraging DNA sequencing for enhanced precision. As sequencing technologies improve and costs decline, these approaches are increasingly used in clinical, environmental, and evolutionary studies.Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) examines several housekeeping genes, essential chromosomal genes encoding cellular functions, to distinguish strains. Approximately...

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Qualitative Identification of Carboxylic Acids, Boronic Acids, and Amines Using Cruciform Fluorophores
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多态形式的识别和量化技术 - - 一个综述.

Julian Ticona Chambi1, Cinira Fandaruff2, Silvia Lucia Cuffini1

  • 1Pós-Graduação em Engenharia e Ciência de Materiais, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia (ICT), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brasil.

Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis
|March 1, 2024
PubMed
概括

本综述强调了用于检测和定量活性药物成分 (API) 结晶形式 (多态) 的固态技术. 它比较了基于检测极限和药典标准的药品质量控制的PXRD和光谱等方法.

关键词:
标识 识别 识别 识别这是一个 LOD LOD LOD.LOQQ LOQQ 在线观看药典中的药典.多态的多态体.量化 量化 量化 量化固态技术是一种固态技术.

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科学领域:

  • 制药科学 制药科学
  • 固态化学 固态化学
  • 分析化学 分析化学

背景情况:

  • 活性药物成分 (API) 的多态性可以显著影响治疗疗效.
  • 准确的药物固体形式的定性和定量监测对于质量控制至关重要.
  • 在低水平上检测和量化晶体形式,包括多态,是必不可少的.

研究的目的:

  • 审查和强调选择适当的固态技术的重要性,以检测和量化API多态.
  • 根据检测极限 (LOD) 和量化极限 (LOQ),药典规格和国际指导方针来评估技术.
  • 为制药固体形式分析提供各种固态技术的全面分析.

主要方法:

  • 粉末X射线衍射 (PXRD),差分扫描热度计 (DSC),红外和拉曼光谱以及固态核磁共振 (NMR) 的分析.
  • 主要药典的审查 (阿根廷,巴西,英国,欧洲,国际,日本,墨西哥,美国).
  • 用于API的优点,缺点,LOD和LOQ值的技术比较.

主要成果:

  • PXRD使用来自晶体信息框架 (CIF) 的计算衍射模式作为参考模式提供了一个优势.
  • 瑞特维尔德方法与PXRD相结合,可以在没有校准曲线的少数阶段获得较低的LOD值.
  • 拉曼光谱检测到小粒子中的多态;固态NMR在量化晶体和晶体-无形混合物方面表现出色.

结论:

  • 选择合适的固态技术对于准确有效地控制API多态性至关重要.
  • 为了准确的识别分析,必须预先识别参考材料及其相应的多态形态.
  • 本综述是有效和准确地控制药物化合物中的API多态性的指南.